Teaching English to Absolute and False Beginners

Instructing English to Absolute and False Beginners Most ESL/EFL educators concur that there are two kinds of starting understudies: Absolute Beginners and False Beginners. On the off chance that you are instructing in the USA, Canada, Australia, an European nation or Japan, odds are that most tenderfoots you train will be bogus apprentices. Training bogus apprentices and supreme tenderfoots require various methodologies. Here is what's in store from bogus and outright fledglings: Bogus Beginners Tenderfoots that have just concentrated some English eventually in their life. The majority of these students have considered English at school, numerous for various years. These students have as a rule had some contact with English since their schools years, however feel that they have little order of the language and in this manner need to start from the top. Educators can as a rule accept that these understudies will comprehend essential discussions and questions, for example, Are you hitched?, Where are you from?, Do you communicate in English, etc. Frequently these students will be acquainted with language structure ideas and educators can dispatch into depictions of sentence structure and have understudies track with sensibly well. Total Beginners These are students who have had no contact with English by any stretch of the imagination. They frequently originate from creating countries and regularly have had almost no instruction. These understudies are frequently additionally testing to educate as the educator can't anticipate that students should see even an insignificant measure of English. The question,How are you?, won't be comprehended and the educator must start at the earliest reference point, normally with no basic language with which to clarify the essentials. When showing Absolute Beginners there are various things to remember: Outright Beginners have had no contact with EnglishWhen showing somebody who has had no earlier (or almost no) contact with the language, you have to painstakingly pick what you present. Here is a case of the sort of reasoning that necessities to go intoâ planning a lesson:If I start the principal exercise with, Hi, my name is Ken. What is your name?, I am introducing threeâ (!)â concepts at once:The action word bePossessive pronounsâ my and yourSubject and action word reversal in the inquiry formIt would be greatly improved (and increasingly conceivable) to the understudies on the off chance that I started the exercise with, Hi, I am Ken. and afterward signal to the understudy to rehash a comparable expression. Along these lines, the understudy can rehash methodically and start with something simple which would then be able to prompt something like: Hi, I am Ken. It is safe to say that you are Ken? - No, I am Elmo. By restricting the phonetic ideas outright amateurs can all the more effectively absorb the pieces.Do not expect nature with semantic conceptsThis is ratherâ obviousâ but frequently overlooked by numerous educators. In the event that you compose a syntax graph - even a straightforward one - on the board, you are accepting that understudies know about language structure outlines. Understudies might not have had the kind of instruction that includes diagrams and portrayals. By keeping things aural and visual (signals, pictures, and so on.) you will be speaking to learning styles that understudies make certain to have procured in regular day to day existence. Utilize misrepresented visual gesturesUsing signals, for example, highlighting yourself and saying, I am Ken, and afterward highlighting the understudy to rehash enables understudies to comprehend what you need of them, without confounding them by more language, for example, Now, rehash. Create explicit signals as codes for certain semantic tasks. For instance, to delineate the possibility of reversal in the inquiry structure you can broaden your two arms and state, My name is Ken and afterward fold your arms and ask, Is your name Ken?, this signal would then be able to be rehashed as etymological abilities become further developed and the understudies will comprehend that an inquiry should be posed. For instance, I live in New York and afterward fold your arms and ask, Where do you live. At the point when an understudy commits an error posing an inquiry, you would then be able to fold your arms and the understudy will comprehend thatâ he/sheâ needs to upset so as to request that a question.Try get a couple of expressions of the students local tongueThis is absolutely a mental stunt. Students - particularly grown-up students - who are learning English with no related knowledge are not just experiencing a troublesome learning experience. By and large, they are additionally figuring out how to become familiar with a language. In the event that you put yourself at risk by communicating the craving to get familiar with a couple of expressions of your understudies local language, you can go far towards building a compatibility with understudies which will assist them with feeling more calm in class. When training False Beginners you can be more daring in your way to deal with educating. Here are a few things that you can rely on - and a few focuses to look out for: Consider the Different Levels of Your Class Bogus learners will all have had some English preparing previously and this can cause some exceptional issues. A few students will truly know more than they concede and, with the progression of time, may get exhausted with a portion of the basics.Different levels can rapidly make strains between students, as the individuals who realize more can get anxious with other people who require more time.Some students may be bogus tenderfoots in view of inalienable learning issues. A few Solutions Give moreâ advanced learnersâ more troublesome tasks.â -For instance, when posing inquiries of understudies ask the further developed students addresses starting with For what reason which will require a further developed response.Give further developed students additional work in class and at home.â -By having a couple of additional jobs that needs to be done you can overcome any barrier that is frequently made when the individuals who are quicker completion earlier.If further developed bogus apprentices become restless dont dither to ask them something that is over their head.â -This may be somewhat unforgiving, yet will work wonders!Remember that things will in the long run even out after the initial not many weeks.â -Usually, bogus amateurs are there in light of the fact that they truly need to audit from the earliest starting point. This infers at some point or another the entirety of the students will master something that is genuinely new for them and issues with fretful ness will rapidly disappear.If a student is a bogus learner as a result of learning issues, you should consider distinctive learning stylesâ -People learn in various manners. On the off chance that sentence structure clarifications, and so on are not helping a specific student, you can assist that student with visual, sound and different strategies fitting for various learning styles. For more data on various learning styles investigate this component. Some Helpful Assumptions About Your Students Your understudies will haveâ basicâ familiarity with etymological concepts.â -False amateurs have all examined English at school and willâ thereforeâ find things like conjugation outlines and courses of events useful.Standard subjects will presumably be familiar.â -Most bogus apprentices are alright with essential discussions, for example, requesting food in an eatery, presenting themselves, discussing their close family, and so forth. This will give you a decent beginning stage on which to assemble when starting your course and becoming acquainted with your understudies. Supreme Beginner Exercises - 20 Point Program These activities are intended to be educated so as to dynamically manufacture abilities that ESL studentsâ will need to impart the essential necessities of regular day to day existence in an English talking condition.

Marketing and Product Free Essays

1. On the Basics: a. We have stated that promoting is actually the vital thought of ‘connectedness’ with clients. We will compose a custom paper test on Advertising and Product or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now From the point of view of your last venture organization, recognize and talk about how your organization interfaces with its clients †select from either the showcasing idea or the selling idea. Make certain to characterize every idea and be point by point in your reaction. A: Marketing idea holds that accomplishing authoritative objectives relies upon knowing the necessities and needs of target advertises and conveying the ideal fulfillments better than contenders do. client center and worth are the way to deals and benefits) The promoting idea is a client focused sense and reacts theory. (The activity is to locate the correct items for your clients. ) My undertaking organization Samsung took the showcasing idea and interface with its clients. Samsung decides to concern increasingly about customers’ require and concoct items that tackle customers’ issues as opposed to make it and sell it. Before developing cellphone items it will do a ton of reviews and trial to di scover what issues exist and concerned intensely in present day world. Exercises like unconditional present and test with-buy, free encountering and accommodating subsequent to selling administration are acceptable methods of finding what client need and requesting criticisms. Not exclusively can these showcasing methodologies gather information and models for its examination, yet in addition can assemble a solid relationship with present and potential clients. Other than that Samsung additionally build up an arrangement of reaching with clients, which utilizes PDAs and email. By messaging and messaging client what new items are and getting some information about them improves items and make items more client orientated. . Alluding to your venture organization give an all around created portrayal of your market section and your objective market. I. Distinguish the most pressing issue important for you to infiltrate or ensure your ideal market space. Market Segmentation: Target Customers: Urgent issue: The most earnest issue is to separate this cell phon e from other cell phone of different brands by advertising. There are numerous cell phones in the market and the most serious one is the iphone5 from Apple. These two cell phone have comparable capacity and both have great notoriety in fixing skins. To advertise the serum from Lauder we need to pressure its capacity of giving you the most alluring capacity, for example, Pop up play and Face Zoom which Apple doesn’t have. c. In conclusion, briefly address every one of the accompanying focal situating questions relating to your undertaking organization/brand: I. What position, assuming any, do you as of now have in the prospect’s mind? Here I show a portion of the serious contributions Full scope of administration in the wake of selling Apple 9. 0 Nokia 7. Motorola7. 5 HTC 7. 0 Sharp6. 5 ZTE6. 0 Quality of item The parts of item ii. What position would you like to claim? With a solid brand advantage and the rich Apple store, Apple currently is as yet the brilliance star in people’s mind. In any case, what I will do is to give clients more space to encounter our item when they come to Samsung store . I expect to claim t he primary spot. iii. What organizations must be outgunned on the off chance that you are to build up or keep up that position? From my perspective, Motorola would be the first to be outgunned. The explanation is that: 2. On the Marketing Mix: Discuss the qualities and shortcomings of your company’s promoting blend and offer key suggestions on how the organization should deal with the most copying showcasing issue/opportunity affecting the key execution of the ‘mix’. Think about molding your answer considering the 5Cs Strengths: Lauder has expanded promoting techniques from retailing stores to TV advertisements to spas. It present the item in numerous measurements and gives buyer a full and great comprehend of the item. Shortcoming: Most of Estee Lauder’s retail locations are possessed by the organization. Lauder doesn’t need to help out different retailers so as to keep their picture of very good quality. Be that as it may, promoting the serum implies you need to profoundly presented your item to people in general and remind them there’s consistently this decision for them and they have simple access to the item. Arrangements: The consuming promoting issue is cosmic system doesn't have a solid separated situation from different brands and not great to cosumers. Right off the bat, we should consider client arrangement. By propelling advertisement battle in which stress the capacity of the item and rundown includes that different cellphones don’t have, we are really telling purchasers that the additional advantages they can get from picking this cellphone. Other than that we can set up experience relax in some shopping centers for individuals to give the item a shot just as showing them how to utilize it to accomplish the best impact. Besides, we center around client cost. To certain individuals who have never utilized it they might not have any desire to go through that much cash in attempting another item. So when we are propelling this item we can offer markdown or selling as a bundle to bring down the cost with the goal that increasingly potential client will have an attempt. Fourthly, we can advance the correspondence. By setting up two-way correspondence can truly reinforce the tight with purchasers. Why numerous brands are forgettable is on the grounds that they don’t have a solid association with purchasers. By reaching customers with email and message we can generally uncover them in the data of the items which increment the possibility of them picking the item. 3. On Consumer Buying Behavior: a. Alluding to your organization, depict a situation of your run of the mill client utilizing the purchaser choice procedure when considering buying your company’s item/administration. Utilize the language from our readings. I. Consider pulling from your database look into offered in our library workshop to confirm how your clients carry on in your market condition. b. Moreover, from the rules that impact the pace of appropriation, in what territory does your organization/item exceed expectations and what zone does your organization/item expect regard for reinforce the reception procedure? Be point by point in your reaction. . First we have Need Recognition. The purchaser perceives an issue or need of the cellphone by conversing with a companion of viewing a promotion. Second, he will do Information Search. Promotions are from business sources-constrained by advertisers. He may likewise discover data from individual sources, open sources and experiential sources. By watching adve rtisements or tuning in to the exhortation of a dear companion or attempting the examples she will get the data about the cellphones. Third, we have Evaluation of Alternatives. He will assess choices with computations and coherent reasoning. By mulling over each quality and analyze various cellphones he discovers that cellphones from Samsung will fulfilled his need with the capacities system has. Fourth, he will settle on the Purchase Decision. Subsequent to positioning brands and shaping buy expectation, he is going to purchase the cellphone. Presently if mentalities of others additionally focuses to getting it and there’s no surprising situational factors like intensifying economy or dropping cost of contenders, he will by the fairly costly cellphone structure Samsung. To wrap things up there’s Postpurchase Behavior. He will feel either fulfilled or unsatisfied with the galaxy,which is the hole between the desires and the product’s saw execution. b. Exceed expectations Relative bit of leeway: 4. 8† Super Amoled HD show Pebble blue or marble white Battery: 2,100mAh (remote charging discretionary extra) Camera: 8MP back; 1. 9 MP front S-Beam High speed document move by means of NFC and WiFi Direct, between two telephones contacted together, working at up to 300Mbps. Keen Stay The telephone tracks your eyes, so as long as you’re taking a gander at it, the presentation won’t diminish or turn off. What Needs to be STRENGTHEN? the reason for the present market circumstance, the significant brands of cell phone chain, (for example, Suning, Gome, and so forth ) involves a huge market, so we are confronted with impressive weight. As per the market potential, the Guangdong advertise level of utilization examination, purchaser gatherings, all things considered, is restricted, so we have a novel support of intrigue potential clients. d out the distinctions. 4. On Branding and the Product Lifecycle: a. Alluding to your organization, recognize the one significant quality and shortcoming of the brand. I. What are your suggestions to reinforce the intensity and value of the brand? ii. Recognize at what stage your image falls inside the item lifecycle model. What is required for you to guarantee that the client remains unceasingly ‘connected’ to your image? a. Quality: Samsung has adequate reserve for concocting so it’s ready to apply cutting edge into their items, which makes it an offer point to the clients since these days everybody enjoys new innovation. What’s more, while concocting the item Samsung will have such a significant number of test before they at last dispatch the item so the item is unquestionably protected. Weakness:The four-cores illustrations card needs huge measure of power The external skin is effectively getting old as a result of its material I. To build seriousness and value of the brand first we have to consider the brand situating Marketers need to situate the brand plainly in the objective customers’ mind. I will situate the brand at the most elevated level which is on solid convictions and qualities. By propelling promotion crusades we convey the idea that the serum structure Estee Lauder is in excess of a serum, it’s a way of life you pick. â€Å"To be astounding and solid ordinary gives you the certain to confront each challenge. I would likewise build up a strategic the brand and a vis

Animal-Assisted Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder

Animal-Assisted Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is sometimes used in the treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD). Animals may be uniquely suited to help individuals with SAD, as they offer nonjudgmental support and a chance to learn about interactions with others.   History of AAT AAT dates back to the 1940s when an army corporal brought his Yorkshire Terrier to a hospital to cheer up wounded soldiers. It began in earnest in the early 1990s; however, it is still a relatively new field. AAT uses trained animals to enhance the physical, emotional, and social well-being of clients. AAT is defined by the American Humane Association as a goal-directed intervention in which an animal is incorporated as an integral part of the clinical health-care treatment process. AAT is delivered or directed by a professional health or human service provider who demonstrates skill and expertise regarding the clinical applications of human-animal interaction.   How Animals Are Used in Therapy for SAD Animal-assisted therapy does not follow one specific mode of treatment. For example, animals are included in everything from cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to psychodynamic treatment.  The animal is there to assist in the therapeutic process, not to drive the process of therapy.   Animals used in therapy can be of all different types. Dogs and horses are the ones most people think of when they picture therapy animals, but even more exotic animals can serve in the therapy process. What role do animals play in therapy? There are several specific aspects of therapy for SAD that animals can help with: Animals can help you improve your self-esteem, develop social skills, and reduce symptoms of anxiety.In group therapy for SAD, animals may help to increase interactions between group members. Indeed, it is easy to imagine that a socially anxious group accompanied by a cute furry friend would be more likely to open up and talk to one another.In one-on-one therapy, an animal may help you to feel safer and build rapport with your therapist.  Animals such as horses and dogs pick up on cues in social relationships. Your therapist can use these reactions to guide therapy sessions. For example, your therapist may show you how your behavior (friendly or standoffish) will affect how the animal responds to you. This is a simple way to see how your behavior affects those around you.Research has also demonstrated that animals have a calming effect, reducing blood pressure and anxiety. Having an animal in your therapy sessions will help you to feel relaxed.Animals in therapy provide the opportuni ty to give affection and to receive it. This may be particularly helpful for children and teenagers struggling to find connections among family or peers.Animals in therapy may help to reduce depression and isolation. Among children, they may help in social expression.Finally, having an animal in your therapy sessions means that the focus is not all on youâ€"something that those with SAD may find overwhelming in the early stages. Animals used in therapy may work in any of the following settings: Nursing homesHospitalsSchoolsLibrariesCorrectional facilitiesRehabilitation centers Difference Between Therapy Animals and Psychiatric Service Animals for SAD Animals who assist with therapy are not the same as psychiatric service animals. Service animals live with individuals with psychological disorders and other disabilities to help them with activities of daily living, such as remembering to take medication or learning to identify the signs of an impending anxiety attack. Service animals fall under the protection of the American Disabilities Act (ADA) in this regard. Evidence Supporting Animal-Assisted Therapy There is a plethora of anecdotal information and case studies in support of animal-assisted therapy, but not much long-term controlled research has been conducted. A 1998 study published in the journal Psychiatric Services examined whether a single session of animal-assisted therapy reduced anxiety levels in 230 hospitalized psychiatric patients and whether these were related to their diagnoses. The results of the study showed that animal-assisted therapy was associated with reduced anxiety in hospitalized patients with a variety of psychiatric diagnoses. A 2007 meta-analysis of 49 studies found AAT to be associated with moderate effect sizes in improvements in four areas: autism-spectrum symptoms, medical problems, behavioral problems, and emotional well-being.  Surprisingly, aspects of the participants and studies did not show different outcomes. Overall, the research on AAT shows that it has promise when used alongside traditional treatments for some problems that may be related to SAD, such as anxiety and emotional well-being. More rigorous controlled studies are needed to determine the best methods for applying AAT for maximum benefit. How Does AAT Improve on Traditional Therapy for SAD? The use of animals during therapy for SAD may offer several advantages: Increased oxytocin levels leading to lowered blood pressure and heart rate. Oxytocin is a social hormone that is positively affected by human-animal interactions.Children and teenagers can touch the animalsâ€"something that they may be missing in their livesâ€"whereas touch during traditional therapy would be inappropriate.  Animals are nonjudgmental. They dont know your history or situation or details that others can sometimes judge you for, like being out of work or single. They accept you for who you are, flaws and all. They are forgiving and happy to see you and are consistently happy. While therapists can hope to achieve the ideal of neutrality, animals are naturals at it.For children with selective mutism, a condition in which a child fails to speak in one or more situations because of severe anxiety, animals can make therapy less threatening and help them to stay in treatment longer. Who Should Not Receive AAT For most people with SAD, there should be no reason that AAT would not be suitable. However, if any of the following applies in your situation, then AAT may not be advisable. You have a strong fear of animals. You will need to work through this fear first, and even then AAT may not be helpful for you.You are allergic to certain types of animals (others may still be suitableâ€"even dolphins do AAT!)You have reduced immunity due to HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy or radiation for cancer, or any immune-suppressive medications. Contact your doctor if any of these situations apply. How AAT Practitioners Are Governed There is currently no governing body that oversees AAT. However, organizations such as Pet Partners offer training of both animals and therapists. Dogs registered with Therapy Dogs International  must have yearly screenings by a veterinarian in order to participate in AAT.   In general, animals participating in AAT should be up-to-date on vaccinations and in good health. AAT Example What better way to illustrate how AAT works than with an excerpt from a case study? In this short excerpt republished from an article, licensed social worker Stephen Quinlan describes what it was like to use AAT with a child with selective mutism.   We made use of a tennis ball that I have in my office and had Layla first sit then wait while Charlie threw the ball. I then released Layla with an OK. She charged after the ball and returned it and I told her to drop. Charlie watched all of my doing this and then pointed to himself. I asked him if he would like to try. He nodded. To this point in treatment, Charlie had not uttered a single word to anyone. He was able to laugh and make sounds, but completely unable to speak. Si-t was the first word that Charlie sounded out in a choppy fashion. Wuh-ait, he continued, OO-KUH! he bellowed loudly. Layla again charged after the ball and Charlie screamed with delight. Duh-Ruh-op, said Charlie upon Layla’s return. In summarizing his experience, Quinlan notes that Layla had both set the bar for Charlie’s being verbal in session and given him a comfortable place to go back to when his anxiety was particularly high. Where to Find Animal-Assisted Therapy There are several options to try and find an AAT therapist in your area. Note that you may need to travel to the site where the animals work  rather than having the animal come to you. Contact the  American Humane Association  or the  American Counseling Association  to find out your options to receive animal-assisted therapy.Pet Partners  is a research organization that promotes animal-based treatments around the United States.Therapy Dogs International (TDI) is another organization that may be helpful to contact.

A Study On A Business - 997 Words

Starting a business does not necessarily make one a startup founder - as the business may not necessarily be a startup at all! While it may have the potential to make the founder wealthy, it still may be a small business that can become huge in the future. Although these sound similar concepts, startups show up stark differences from conventional small businesses once we understand their fundamentals. I have had the fortune of being and working with hugely talented and entrepreneurial folks over the last decade, and it has allowed me to closely witness the striking and subtle variations across the different kinds of businesses – from a large enterprise to a startup to a small business. We are experiencing a fast-rising wave of the startup ecosystem these days, and that is enabling entrepreneurs to know more about startups, to dare and dream big, and follow their passions. Startup founding bars no age, no qualifications or background. If one has the right ideas and the passion to do whatever it takes to get the idea into the hands of customers, this ecosystem now provides the kind of support never seen before. So as more and more young energetic people take on entrepreneurship, this question keeps popping up in different forums – what is the difference between a startup and a small business? Isn’t a startup a small business? when it attains a particular size of revenue/employees/customers doesn’t it transition to the large enterprise category? All valid questions – thisShow MoreRelatedBusiness Studies : Business Study1899 Words   |  8 PagesBUSINESS STUDIES TASK 1 The business I have chosen is Londis. Londis have a few small stores dotted around the UK, they sell all home essentials and other food and drink. The aim of the store is to provide its community’s with good value products. Londis has been a running, successful business since 1959. 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Colette Bennett - ThoughtCo

Central Nervous system Metaphors Free Essays

This essay explores the concept of an organization style metaphorically as professed by Gareth Morgan in his book Images of Organizations (1989). This essay provides examples of how the responsibilities and functionality of upper management within a corporation serve similar functions as to how the brain functions within the Central Nervous system. First, one must understand exactly what a metaphor is in order to understand how Morgan (1989) comes to his conclusion. We will write a custom essay sample on Central Nervous system Metaphors or any similar topic only for you Order Now A metaphor is defined by Merriam-Webster dictionary as a figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally denoting one kind of object or idea is used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them (2009). Morgan (1989) discusses how the brain is a metaphor for a company’s organization structure and behavior. He considers the organization as the brain and draws attention to the importance of information, learning, and intelligence, and provides a framework for understanding modern organizations. This style of organization has the capacity to be flexible and inventive with a continuous improvement mindset. The brain stores and processes enormous amounts of information in its parts simultaneously thus the end result being able to speak and walk. To understand the brain like metaphor we have to understand that the brain is made of two hemispheres. It is understood that the left side of the brain is the more logical, analytical and rational side, much like the strategy and finance side of an organization whereas the right side is more creative and emotional much like the marketing and human resources departments of an organization. Like the brain, an organization has areas that concentrate on particular parts of the business; however, the organization as a whole must work together. Each department can work on its own as can be seen in artificial intelligence such as Rodney Brooks’ mobot (Morgan, 1989). The functions of an organization such as Marketing, Human Resources, Finance, Operations, and Information Technology have a series of processes which results in the function of whole organization. Each of these departments in an organization can be likened to a sensory input element to the executive â€Å"brain†. Marketing, for example, can serve as the â€Å"eyes† of the organization by providing input to the brain related to the business environment, supply and demand and other market elements important to the navigation capabilities of the organization. The Finance department acts as the â€Å"skin† by providing information about the financial atmosphere and environment of the corporate body. The Finance department â€Å"skin† can tell the corporate brain whether conditions are financially cool, or hot. Also, the †skin† can indicate whether the organization is acting in a manner that produces â€Å"pain† in terms of financial difficulties. Operations acts as the ears of an organization, providing information about the â€Å"balance† of the entire organization and allowing the brain of the leadership to issue the appropriate instructions to the organization to keep it moving without collapse. Human Resources acts as a taste mechanism for the organizational body, giving the brain an idea of the building blocks (personnel) that are being introduced to the organizational body. The IT department can be likened to the central nervous system. It is this department that maintains the flow of information to and from the â€Å"brain† of the organization. The metaphor of the organization as a body with the corporate officers as the brain can be further understood with respect to what happens when there are breakdowns in any one of the parts composing the organizational body. Failure of the Human Resource department, for example, can lead to the ingestion of organizational poison: workers who are not qualified for the jobs they are assigned. If the â€Å"skin† of finance fails, the infection of debt may set in, causing necrosis to various parts of the organizational body. It is possible that such a result could result in a systemic infection that could kill the entire organization. The Operations department should malfunction; the entire organization could lose its balance and fall, destroying the organizational â€Å"brain†. Perhaps most significantly, the failure of IT to properly move information between the â€Å"brain† and the other appendages of the organization, the result is paralysis, as the messages the executive send get lost or misinterpreted. The organization-as-brain-and-body metaphor goes a long way toward explaining the interconnectivity of various aspects of organizations. All the component parts contribute information to the executive â€Å"brain† which can react quickly and guide the organization toward action that will make the most effective use of the information. The failure of any one of the component parts of the organizational body represents a hazard that threatens the organization as a whole, and the brain in particular. â€Å"Metaphor. † Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2009. Merriam-Webster Online. 17 April 2009 http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/metaphor How to cite Central Nervous system Metaphors, Papers

Company Law for Structure - Policy and Practice- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCompany Law for Structure, Policy and Practice. Answer: Background One.Tel was an Australia based GSM service provider meaning it functioned mainly in the telecom sector and eventually grew to become Australias fourth largest telecom service provider before being shrouded in controversy which lead to its eventual downfall. Jodee Rich and other executive directors of the company faced accusations of not discharging their duties as directors effectively with respect to the duty of care they had towards the best interests of the company. This duty is mandated by Section 180 of the Corporations Act, 2001 as well as principles of common law. Application Corporations functioning within the jurisdiction of the Australian Commonwealth are governed and regulated by the provisions of the Corporations Act, 2001. Common law principles developed through judicial pronouncements are also applicable (Stout and Blair 2017). Section 180 (1) of the Corporations Act, 2001 lays down the statutory duty of care and diligence (Peden 2017). This provision states that when discharging ones duties as the director of a corporate entity one must observe a certain degree of care and diligence to ensure that they are acting in the best interests of the company. Section 180 (2) of the act lays down the business judgment rule which states that the provisions of Section 180 (1) would be deemed to have been met when acting on behalf of the company if (Bottomley 2016): The judgment is made in good faith; If the business judgment is free from any personal self interest; If the directors have understood and researched the subject matter to the extent that is reasonably possible; If the directors reasonably believe the act would be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, Section 180 (3) states that a business judgment is a decision to act or refrain from acting taken by the administration of the company (Hiller 2013). This applies only in business decisions that a materially relevant to the operations of the corporation. ASICs accusation was that the directors had failed to observe their duties under Section 180 (1) of the act by not sufficiently informing the board of One.Tel about the accurate financial stand of the company (Morley 2016). The Judge when delivering the judgment observed that ASIC had failed to establish their cause of action, exaggerated their claims and quoted pieces of evidence out of context in order to establish their claims (Harris 2013). The idea of not informing the board of the accurate financial position of the company was a business judgment which had to made by the directors in a situation where the failing financial position of the company would cause alarm and would give rise to reckless administrative measures taken by the board. This decision was made in good faith and cannot be conspicuously construed to have self-interests veiled in them. Further, the executive directors made an informed decision to refrain from passing this information to the board and they did believe that this would be in the best interests of the company as disclosure would have brought an end to the companys existence much before the actual downfall. Thus this judgment met all the requisites prescribed under the provisions of Section 180 (2) of the Corporations Act, 2001 (Rawhouser, Cummings and Crane 2015). This case was the first to comprehensively lay down the business judgment defense and apply it to the facts and circumstances of a case. This defense would negate the apparent breach of the duties of the directors as prescribed by the statute and under common law. Conclusion To conclude when the directors of a corporation are in breach of their duties under common law and the provisions of Section 180 (1) of the Corporations Act, 2001 the business judgment defense can be cited (Hanrahan, Ramsay and Stapledon 2013). If the acts of the directors fall within the ambit of the circumstances defined under the subsections to Section 181 (2) of the act. This would thus absolve them of all charges relating to the breach of duty of care. Thus in this case Jodee Rich and the other executive directors had not failed to observe their statutory and common law duties as prescribed for directors of a corporation. They had thus acted reasonably and prudently when they decided not cause alarm within the organizational structure by revealing the companys true financial position. Moreover, had Packer and Murdoch not removed the financial assistance given to the company One.Tel would have sailed through the financial difficulties through investment funds till they started to generate positive revenue figures. This adequately establishes the reasonableness behind the decision taken by the executive directors to not inform the board of the alarming financial condition as it can be inferred that it was presumed that the company would survive. Thus the ASICs allegations of the directors being in breach of their duty of care in acting on behalf of the company cannot be successfully substantiated on the basis that they refrained from informing the board as this omission was a reasonable business judgment and this would absolve them of all responsibilities arising out of such an act. Reference list Bottomley, S., 2016.The constitutional corporation: Rethinking corporate governance. Routledge. Hanrahan, P.F., Ramsay, I. and Stapledon, G.P., 2013. Commercial applications of company law. Harris, P., 2013.Corporate tax law: Structure, policy and practice. Cambridge University Press. Hiller, J.S., 2013. The benefit corporation and corporate social responsibility.Journal of Business Ethics,118(2), pp.287-301. Morley, J., 2016. The Common Law Corporation: The Power of the Trust in Anglo-American Business History.Columbia Law Review, pp.2145-2197. Peden, E., 2017. Civil and criminal liability of directors and officers of sporting clubs.Commercial Law Quarterly: The Journal of the Commercial Law Association of Australia,31(1), p.12. Rawhouser, H., Cummings, M. and Crane, A., 2015. Benefit corporation legislation and the emergence of a social hybrid category.California Management Review,57(3), pp.13-35. Stout, L.A. and Blair, M.M., 2017. A team production theory of corporate law. InCorporate Governance(pp. 169-250). Gower.

Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone Antigones Essay Example For Students

Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone Antigones Essay The Tragic Hero in Antigone Antigone is a Greek tragic piece that stresses the use of power and morality versus the law written by Sophocles. Both Antigone and Creon, the main characters in the play, could represent the tragic hero. A tragic hero is a character who is known for being dignified and has a flaw that assists to his or her downfall. In my opinion, Creon best qualifies for being the tragic hero and fitting the definition read in the previous sentence. The things he said, did, and the comments that were made by those around him show how a man with everything could lose it all due to his own behavior. We will write a custom essay on Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone Antigones specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now To open, the things he said showed how he changed and became the tragic hero of the play. Many of his statements reveal his personality including his admirable parts and his flaws. When Creon says: I call to God to witness that if I saw my country headed for ruin, I should not be afraid to speak out plainly, (Sophocles, scene 1,24-26), it shows his strong sense of nationalism and leadership which catches up with him in the end. The inflexible heart breaks first, the toughest iron cracks first, and the wildest horses bend their necks at the pull of the smallest curb (scene 2,76-79) is what Creon says to Antigone after finding out she is the one who buried Polynieces. He thinks that if Antigone wasnt so headstrong and arrogant then she could have avoided the consequence he was about to give her. I think Creon was being a hypocrite because he is just as stubborn as she is. The reason why Creon and Antigone come in to so much conflict is because their ways of thinking are almost exactly alike. It is hard to deny the heart! But I will do it: I will not fight with destiny (scene 5, 100), is a statement that shows Creon detecting his fault and how he needs to correct it. After talking to Teiresias, the blind prophet, he realizes in order for the higher powers to forgive him he needs to release Antigone. Fate has brought all my pride to a thought of dust (exodos, 138). Creon recognizes his flaw and its consequences but it is too late because fate has already occurred. Moreover, many people say that actions speak louder than words. In scene 2 line 164, Creon orders the guards to take Antigone and Ismene away. Not caring for his sons, Antigones fianc, feelings, he still insists that they be taken away and guarded well. Creon feels the law should stand despite if the person is family and or innocent, or how moral the act was. Bring her Antigone out! Let her die before his eyes (scene 3, 130). Creon was willing to be the cause of sons ruin just to prove that he is the king, the father, and always right. I will go. .. I buried her; I will set her free (scene 5, 102,104). Creon finally comes to a just state of mind and does what is ethically right. Unfortunately, he came to his conclusion too late, for Antigone had already hanged herself. Last, the comments made by other characters show how Creon is a tragic hero. Because they bend, even twigs are safe, while stubborn trees are torn (scene 3, 79-80). Haeman said the same thing to Creon that Creon said to Antigone. Haeman points that Creon needs to stop being narrow-minded and stubborn, and listen for a change. Not far off when you shall pay back corpse for corpse (scene 5, 72-73). Teiresias warns Creon that his ways will cause him destruction and he should do something about it now. Creon was happy once. .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 , .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 .postImageUrl , .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 , .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6:hover , .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6:visited , .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6:active { border:0!important; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6:active , .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Conductor Investigation Experiment Lab-Report Essay.. and now it has all gone from him (exodos, 7 and 10). The Messenger indicates the time of Creons downfall. In summary, Creon is the tragic hero in Antigone. He started off being the noble king who had everything until a young woman did what she believed in and tested him. He let his pride get in the way of what was important and caused his own destruction losing almost everyone in his .

Nordstroms Success

Nordstroms Success Retailing is one of the foundational drivers of global market growth. Retailing encompasses a set of activities related to the act of selling goods and services to consumers. Retailers serve billions of consumers on a daily basis. Nordstrom is one of the leaders of the U.S. fashion and apparel market.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Nordstrom’s Success specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company uses fixed stores and online catalogues to meet the needs of customers. Nordstrom is a full-service specialty store and electronic retailer, which relies on personnel and presentation aspects of the retailing marketing mix and has everything to meet the rising demands of fashion customers. Nordstrom: The Power of Service Nordstrom, Inc. is an exclusive provider of quality fashion products, which include shoes and apparel, jewelry and cosmetics, accessories and fragrances for men, women, and children (Nordstrom, 2 011). The company runs 225 stores in 25 states all over the United States (Nordstrom, 2011). Nordstrom tries to catch up with the changes in consumer behaviors and expectations – online stores and catalogues expand the company’s market presence (Nordstrom, 2011). Nordstrom is well-known for its commitment to social responsibility and positions itself as a company where people want to work (Nordstrom, 2011). Nordstrom: A Specialty Store Nordstrom uniquely combines the features of specialty store and e-retailing. Nordstrom also runs a set of department stores in the United States. Specialty store is both a type of store and a mode of retailing (Lamb, Hair McDaniel, 2011). It is interesting to note, that customers in specialty stores are relatively price-insensitive. For this reason the company does not apply to price promotions and discounts but uses superior service and customer relationships to popularize its products and brand. Nordstrom further expands its market pr esence through Internet stores. Consumers find this mode of shopping extremely convenient and fast (Lamb et al., 2011). The use of online retailing opportunities means that the company tries to meet customer needs by all possible means. A wide range of related services adds to the quality and popularity of Nordstrom products. For example, Nordstrom stylists help consumers to develop and maintain a sense of fashion (Nordstrom, 2011).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Value of Full-Service Retailers Nordstrom can be classified as a full-service specialty store provider of quality fashion products. Generally, all retailers are classified by the level of service, from full service to self-service (Lamb et al., 2011). An exclusive provider, Nordstrom tends to offer high levels of service (Lamb et al., 2011). However, not all fashion stores are full service. Many specialty and department stores operate at the opposite end of the level of service continuum. Warehouse and discount stores offer low-price products. For example, Payless Shoe Source is a self-service retail facility, which maintains low prices and seeks to reduce overhead costs by all possible means (Funding Universe, 2010). These self-service retailers rely on the price aspect of the retailing mix, and do not provide their customers with a full range of quality services. The Retailing Mix – Personnel and Presentation The retailing mix incorporates the four P’s of the market mix (product, price, place, promotion), followed by presentation and personnel (Lamb et al., 2011). Nordstrom provides a variety of product options to satisfy different customers. Nordstrom’s prices are never low. The company places a special emphasis on the physical location of its stores and, simultaneously, promotes its brand through magazines for middle- and higher-income customers (Cl ifford, 2010). Presentation and personnel are the main factors of Nordstrom’s business success. Nordstrom does not use traditional price promotions and discounts but relies on regular pricing and integrity. Nordstrom offers â€Å"seamless† shopping experiences, meaning that all sales channels operate as a single system; for example, customers who make purchases online can easily exchange their products in fixed specialty and department stores. Perfect relations with customers and generous exchange policies strengthen the company’s market position. Nordstrom’s personnel have skills, knowledge, and ability to give their customers undivided attention. Yet, Nordstrom’s market position is not without difficulties.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Nordstrom’s Success specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Primary Challenges and Changing Consumer Demands Nordstrom is faced with a num ber of challenges. Basically, the company must learn to balance its fixed store needs with the growing importance of online retailing. Nordstrom must learn to expand its online presence without losing its ‘personal touch’. Understanding customer reactions to online retailing is crucial for the company’s success (Burt Sparks, 2003). Furthermore, consumer expectations are rising, and more players are entering the market. Burt and Sparks (2003) write that â€Å"existing retail floor space will need enhancement in quality and presentation if it is to continue to provide retail functions† (p.275), as these improvements will enhance the company’s efficiency and strengthen its market position. Postmodern customers appreciate companies, products, and services that make their lives easier. Customers display low tolerance for poor quality of services and products. Consumer lifestyles are growing diverse, and Nordstrom must learn to meet a bewildering variety of consumer interests and choices (Jones and Simmons, 2009). Finally, customers want to get the fullest range of services in one place. Nordstrom, with its eternal reliance on customer relationships, personalization, and customer-focused retailing solutions, has everything to meet the rising demands of fashion customers. Conclusion Nordstrom is one of the leaders of the U.S. fashion market. Nordstrom is a full-service specialty store and electronic retailer, which relies on personnel and presentation aspects of the retailing marketing mix and has everything to meet the rising demands of fashion customers. Personnel and presentation are at the heart of the company’s business success, but Nordstrom must be able to balance its fixed store needs with the growing importance of online retailing. References Burt, S. Sparks, L. (2003). E-commerce and the retail process: A review. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 10, 275-286. Clifford, S. (2010). Nordstrom links online in ventory to real world. The New York Times. Web. Funding Universe. (2010). Payless ShoeSource, Inc. Funding Universe. Web.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Jones, K.G. Simmons, J.W. (2009). The retail environment. Taylor Francis. Lamb, C.W., Hair, J.F. McDaniel, C. (2011). Marketing. Boston: Cengage Learning. Nordstrom. (2011). About Nordstrom. Nordstrom. Web.

Le Dejeuner Sur L'herbe By Edouard Manet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Le Dejeuner Sur L'herbe By Edouard Manet - Essay Example In my opinion, the painting was addressing the gender polarities and the social and cultural context of the environment and life that were led by individuals in the era. Moreover, the painting reveals a suburb environment because it was the only the rich that were associated with the kind of lifestyle that was composed and lavished. However, the painting also credits a post paradigm of multiple meanings and subject positions that are present in the different societies found within the globe. The painting reveals the artist neutrality that many viewers interpret as his elusiveness, but acknowledges that indeed the painting appeals to the postmodern sensibilities present in this21st era that has been characterized by globalizations of economic, social and economic era .The painting also reveals theory of negotiated affairs of mutual favors between the four images displayed on the painting and reflects the â€Å"negotiated affair of mutual favors† present within the society. In a wider context an individual can view that that both the images on the painting revealed that the women were responsible for providing other favors like sexual favors to the men and they in return dressed like men of class would gain pleasure by paying dearly for the services that were being given to them. Religiously, the painting reveals to a larger extent the immorality that had engrossed the society because the nudity and posture of the painting is contrary to the teachings of the bible. Nudity was something left for only.... However, the painting also credits a post paradigm of multiple meanings and subject positions that are present in the different societies found within the globe. The painting reveals the artist neutrality that many viewers interpret as his elusiveness, but acknowledges that indeed the painting appeals to the postmodern sensibilities present in this21st era that has been characterized by globalizations of economic, social and economic era2. The painting also reveals theory of negotiated affairs of mutual favors between the four images displayed on the painting and reflects the â€Å"negotiated affair of mutual favors† present within the society. In a wider context an individual can view that that both the images on the painting revealed that the women were responsible for providing other favors like sexual favors to the men and they in return dressed like men of class would gain pleasure by paying dearly for the services that were being given to them. Religiously, the painting reveals to a larger extent the immorality that had engrossed the society because the nudity and posture of the painting is contrary to the teachings of the bible. Nudity was something left for only married couple and it was highly sacrilegious for a woman to show her nudity to individuals apart from their husbands. Socially, the painting symbolizes prostitution in the era because it was only prostitutes who could freely reveal their nudity to their clients as they were receiving material gains and other favors from them. However, when compared to other paintings made by other artist, audiences during the era did not see any negative or immoral aspect from the painting especially from the perspective of the catholic view because

Economics history Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economics history - Assignment Example She explains this revolution to be a ‘quit revolution’ which she asserts as a slow and gradual process which didn’t jump by the steps but gradually changed the norms of market economy as well as the social norms and concerns about position of women in economy. As she describes, this change has not been only a part of economical circle instead it has changed the social norms too. However, she mainly focuses on the requirement of elastic labour and availability of various positions that women can easily fulfil. Also, she goes back in history to explore the roots of this revolution in three evolutionary phases which she relates and manifests as the backdraft of revolutionary change. Although, the overall process seems more like a reform, Goldin asserts the final uplifts and change in women employment, education and family as revolutionary. There are number of reasons she sees behind this revolution but mainly the difference of treatment and returns in labour market. The overall change of patterns she sees in the three evolutionary phases which brought women in a position from where increased participation in labour market came to appear as obvious. The deepest root for revolution she find in first quarter of twentieth century where woman played important roles in some limited jobs and tasks. Although, those women were poorly educated and had a very low relative income, yet they became a part of labour market generating considerable returns. Also this phase consisted most number of single woman participating in labour market. Social stigma regarding married woman also paid much to limiting the number of married women in labour market. Goldin explains this period to be the first evolutionary phase: Substantial social stigma regarding the work of wives outside the home existed due in large measure to the nature of the work. Jobs were often dirty, dangerous, repetitive, and long in hours per day and days per week (Goldin). Such situation diminished in

Influence of World War I on Military Innovation

Influence of World War I on Military Innovation Although The Treaty of Versailles set up certain conditions that had to be followed, especially for Germany, the treaty did not stop Germany from carefully examining and analyzing WW I. Germany used the interwar period in order to use an after action review to develop different lessons and to carefully examine every aspect of military employment, not only during WW I, but also possible employments in the future. Signing The Treaty of Versailles, on June 28, 1919, year, between Allied powers and Germany, the WW I officially ended. The treaty had fifteen (15) parts and four hundred and forty (440) articles which defined different aspects of future postwar relationships between countries involved in the war, and also limited postwar development of Germany in various fields. According to part five (5) of the treaty, Germany was forced to limit its military capabilities down to the one hundred thousand (100,000) soldiers and four thousand (4000) officers, and in addition, the treaty prohibited Germany from possessing different classes of weapons. Facing strict and radical treaty demands, Germany appointed general Hans von Seeckt as commander-in-chief of the army, and that was the most important and most crucial element in German after war innovation. General von Seeckt put general staff in control of the army, along with officers corps, carefully choosing, promoting and leading the most capable a nd experienced officers, and the rigorous selection induced officers who were able to understand future military engagements. Soon after as a result of this change, German army became the only European force to undertake a ruthless, clear-headed analysis of recent military experience.[1] According to General von Seeckt, a detailed analysis was supposed to provide German army with enough materials and lessons learned which would become guidance and later on a doctrinal template for future army development. As he noted: it is absolutely necessary to put the experience of the war in a broad light and collect this experience, while the impressions won on the battlefield are still fresh, and a major proportion of experienced officers are still in leading positions.[2] In order to reexamine and analyze WW I, General von Seeckt established no less than fifty-seven (57) different committees, in various branches of the army, chaired by general officers and composed of men who had great exper ience and knowledge from WW I. The committee 57, as already mentioned was established in different army branches, chaired by most experienced officers-generals and composed of roughly four hundred (400) officers who had huge experience from WW I. Most of those officers already have developed offensive and defensive doctrines, which were proved during WW I. The task for committee was concise and straightforward, the committee was supposed to examine everything that the war had brought. The final product was intended to be a short and concise examination of newly gained experiences and should include following: What new situation arose in the war that had not been considered before the war? How effective were prewar views in dealing with mentioned situations? What new guidelines have been developed for the use of new weapons in the war? Which new problems put forward by the war, the solution was not found yet? The outcome and final reports and answers to questions mentioned above were robust and realistic assessments and provided detailed explanations of almost every situation that occurred during WWI, especially in the period between 1917 1918 year.[3] Examining those questions that general von Seeckt wanted to be reviewed by his committees, it showed that Germans used profound and complete research of last war reviewing recent battlefield experience as some kind of starting point for possible military engagements in future wars. Germans proved that creation of revolutionary military capabilities during a peace time definitely depends on detailed analysis of recent past.[4] Lessons learned from WWI, especially those developed from Committee 57 had been used to develop famous military doctrine Truppenfà ¼hrung (Troop Leadership). That doctrinal document was an intellectual framework that would guide the future military engagements, and how to conduct war at the tactical level both in the air and on the ground. As already mentioned, careful examination of recent past and lessons learned from WW I were incorporated into extraordinary Army Regulation 487 (Leadership and Battle with Combined Arms) or Truppenfà ¼hrung. This doctrine was a solid foundation for future military employments and actually was the way for future interwar innovation processes that Germany conducted. According to the new doctrine, maneuver played the most important role for future military engagements and those who would be able to move forces quickly with a combination of firepower and other enablers, would have a significant advantage. Offensive mindset, flexibility, initiative at all levels, exploitation and coherent leadership with decentralized execution down to the lowest possible level were explained in details and provided guidance for leaders at all levels in German Army. In addition to maneuver, the doctrine emphasized the ability to transform and ability to adapt. Transformation and adaptation were crucial p oints for decentralized leadership mindset that Germany army adapted based on experience and lessons learned from the previous war. Although Germany was restricted by treaty, army leaders realized that there was a need to adapt and transform to new technological changes such us mechanized and armored units, and according to that they were seeking how to incorporate tanks and other armored carriers into new doctrine. They realized that future warfare would be highly dependent on the integration of mechanized and armored units, artillery and other technological advantages and recently discovered utilities such as radios. They already examined British use of tanks and one of the reports from the 1926 year emphasized speed, ability to strike independently and combined arms maneuver possibilities. From the 1929 year till the 1933 year, Germans used the opportunity to train their crews at the Kazan tank school in Russia, and it will lead to the development of armored units with a combinat ion of firepower, maneuver, speed, radios and artillery fire support. Later on, at the beginning of WW II, this form of warfighting will be known as Blitzkrieg or Lightening war.[5] Development of Armored units tanks at the early part of the 1930 year in Germany, and the creation of armored warfare expanded military capabilities and possible employments, and when Hitler came to power, in the 1933 year, he initiated a massive rearmament program and requested development of first armored units. By the 1935 year, the German army had three armored (panzer) divisions and by the 1940 year ten armored divisions.[6] As already mentioned, at the beginning of WW II, Germans used Blitzkrieg as a new form of warfighting, combined with the maneuver, speed, artillery support, and close air support and shocked the rest of the world. In the 1939 year, Germany invaded Poland and using already mentioned a form of warfighting it took them less than a month to crush resistance in Poland. It is important to mention that immediately after the invasion of Poland, German army conducted another after action review in order to prepare them self for following actions. Next country on Hit lers wish list was France. The Invasion of France started on May 10th 1940 year, and for less than six weeks Germany conquered Belgium, Netherlands, Luxemburg, and France. The allied forces were defeated and forced to retreat to Great Britain. The French collapse was sudden and totally unexpected. The end came with the surrender of France on 22 June. Hitler insisted on signing the document of capitulation in the same railway carriage used when Germany had surrendered in 1918. The humiliation of France was complete.[7] The combined-arms and armored warfare were proved by the end of the June 1940 year. The devastating victory against France and allied forces was described by French observer flying high over the advancing Germans, he described the outcome: The German tank detachments that move easily across the countryside because no French tanks oppose them produce irreparable damage even though the actual destruction they cause is apparently superficial. the tanks play the role of th ose chemical agents that destroy not the organism as whole, but its nervous system. Throughout the landscape across which the Germans have swept like lightening, the French army, even it appears almost intact, has ceased to be an army.the enemy moves as he wishes...[8] Even though German Armed Forces were limited by The Treaty of Versailles, the treaty did not stop them to examine and incorporate the best practices from WWI into the newly developed doctrine, and to develop capable officers corps which will lead the German Army during World War II. It showed that Germany used interwar period for adaptation, innovation, and development of combined arms maneuver incorporating speed, audacity, tempo, radios, artillery fire support and close air support and decentralized execution down to the lowest possible units. It became clear and obvious, even today, that after action reviews play an important role in the most armies of the world. Lessons learned and their incorporation into different manuals with constant innovation and adaptation can help commanders and staffs to avoid any possible problem or surprise. For example, the United States Army is constantly conducting after action reviews and adopting the best possible practices in order to be able to answer to any challenge or threat. Since the 2001 year, when global war on terror started, the US Army adopted several manuals and operating procedures as a countermeasure for terrorist actions. Notes: Geoffrey Parker, The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare, Chapter 15, The World in Conflict, Cambridge University Press, NY, pages 299-300 2 James S. Corum, The Roots of Blitzkrieg, Hans von Seeckt and German Military Reform (Lawrence, KS, 1992), p. 37. 3 Murray Millett, Military Innovation in the Interwar Period, Chapter 1, Armored Warfare (Cambridge University Press, NY), pages 36-37 4 Knox Murray, The dynamics of Military Revolution 1300-2050, Chapter 9, Contingency and fragility of the German RMA, Cambridge University Press, NY, 1991, pages 156-159 5 Murray Millett, Military Innovation in the Interwar Period, Chapter 1, Armored Warfare Cambridge University Press, NY, pages 37-40 6 Geoffrey Parker, The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare, Chapter 15, The World in Conflict, Cambridge University Press, NY, pages 299-300 7 http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/fall_france_01.shtml 8 Knox Murray, The dynamics of Military Revolution 1300-2050, Chapter 9, Contingency and fragility of the German RMA, Cambridge University Press, NY, 1991, page 155 [1] Geoffrey Parker, The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare, Chapter 15, The World in Conflict, Cambridge University Press, NY, pages 299-300 [2] James S. Corum, The Roots of Blitzkrieg, Hans von Seeckt and German Military Reform (Lawrence,  KS, 1992), p. 37. [3] Murray Millett, Military Innovation in the Interwar Period, Chapter 1, Armored Warfare (Cambridge University Press, NY), pages 36-37 [4] Knox Murray, The dynamics of Military Revolution 1300-2050, Chapter 9, Contingency and fragility of the German RMA, Cambridge University Press, NY, 1991, pages 156-159 [5] Murray Millett, Military Innovation in the Interwar Period, Chapter 1, Armored Warfare Cambridge University Press, NY, pages 37-40 [6] Geoffrey Parker, The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare, Chapter 15, The World in Conflict, Cambridge University Press, NY, pages 299-300 [7] http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/fall_france_01.shtml [8] Knox Murray, The dynamics of Military Revolution 1300-2050, Chapter 9, Contingency and fragility of the German RMA, Cambridge University Press, NY, 1991, page 155

Gustave Flauberts Madame Bovary Essay -- Flaubert Madame Bovary Essay

Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary The characters Charles and Emma of Gustave Flaubert’s novel, Madame Bovary, escape from the drudgery and monotony of their life through fantasy. For Emma, it is a direct manipulation of her world, while for Charles it is disillusionment with the world. Each of these characters lives in complete ignorance of the true personality of the other. Emma ignores Charles's simple love and devotion while Charles is oblivious of Emma's affairs. Even before she meets her husband, Charles Bovary, Emma escapes from her dull and monotonous country life by reading stacks of books and magazines, as well as occupying herself with the conventions of religion. She becomes engrossed in the romanticism of religion – the radiant candles, the cool holy water, blue bordered religious pictures – even going so far as to make up sins for confession. By the time Charles Bovary enters the drama that is Emma’s life, she has all but convinced herself that she has no more to experience. This is, again, an over dramatization of her life. Charles Bovary, a kind but unremarkable country doctor, is married to the overbearing and shrewish Heloise when he meets Emma for the first time. He is struck by Emma’s beauty and dismisses the signs of potential disaster: her quick changes of mood from guileless joy to profound boredom and her wandering thoughts. Charles is "never able to imagine her any differently from the way she had been the first time he saw her" (Flaubert 30), a thought that carries through the novel even when Emma is at her worst. On their wedding day, Emma comments that she "would have preferred to be married at midnight, by torchlight..." (Flaubert 22), a sentiment that illustrates the depth of her imprac... ...e so obviously evident. Both Emma and Charles are too wrapped up in their own delusions to realize that their lives are falling apart. Emma’s death, however, only serves to deepen his skewed perception of her: The sweetness of her touch brought his grief to a climax; he felt his whole being collapse in despair at the thought of having to lose her just when she was confessing more love for him than ever before. (Flaubert 275) In the end, it is Emma who finally realizes that Charles loves her and that her affairs were perhaps unjustified, while Charles spends the remainder of his days carrying false memories of his beloved wife, Emma. Works Cited Flaubert, Gustave. Madame Bovary. 11th printing. Trans. Lowell Bair. New York: Bantam Books, 1989. Brombert, Victor. In Madame Bovary. 11th printing. Trans. Lowell Bair. New York: Bantam Books, 1989.

Main Theories That Explain the Politic Process of Accounting Standard Setting and Regulatory Process Essay

Choose one of the 3 main theories that explain the politic process of accounting standard setting and regulatory process in Australia. Explain critically the main elements of this theory and illustrate with examples. How does this theory operates in the real world. Public interest theory holds that regulation is supplied in response to the demand of the public as a result of inefficient or inequitable market practices. Initially it is assumed to benefit society as a whole rather than particular vested interests. The regulatory body is considered to represent the interest of the society in which it operates rather than the private interests of the regulators and that the government is a neutral arbiter. Economic markets are imperfect, this is due to the lack of competition, barriers to entry, information gaps between buyers and sellers, as well as public good. This leads to a need for intervention to protect the general public and consumers. Regulations takes interest of the public through legislative actions; by passing laws and make sure everyone complies. Public interest theories of regulation is aware that its purpose of achieving certain publicly desired results would not be obtained, if left to the market. At the same time, regulation is provided in response to the demand from the public for what is happening in the inefficient and inequitable markets. As a result, regulation is pursued for public, as opposed to private, interest related objectives. This was the dominant view of regulation and still retains many adherents. It is generally felt that determining what is the public interest is a normative question and advocates of positive theorizing. It would, therefore object this approach on the basis that it is not possible to determine objective aims for regulation; there is no basis for objectively identifying the public interest. There are other charges that was issued regarding public interest approach. These include attention being directed to the regulators, questions is raise, such as if the regulators are sufficiently competent and if it is possible for them to continuously act in a disinterested manner? Critics suggest that there may be questions regarding the reward (whether if it is sufficient), career and training structures for these regulators. On top of these, it is often argued that the public interest approach, have not been unaware of the need to view regulation in a broader framework over the years; there is no improvement made relating to the approach. Some, while recognising the  political implications in the process of regulation have argued that political considerations be excluded and that accounting remain only concerned with measuring the â€Å"facts†. In light of the above discussion, if taken at face value, it would seem unduly naive. However, over the years it have been the point of much accounting debate; that is, the false belief that accounting is value neutral and only concerned with reporting the economic facts. For most of the period, the accounting profession sought to maintain a regime of self regulation. The professional bodies have attempted to develop generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and after which, followed by a conceptual framework that would serve as the basis of an accounting theory. The search for GAAP and a theoretical framework have been a struggle due to different viewpoints on the necessity and form of regulation; resulting in considerable tensions. The involvement of accounting and professional accountants in spectacular business collapses and major cases of business fraud has ensured the need for accounting regulation. Thus, there has been a public interest concern that resulted in the need of regulation; pressure from various segments of society has demanded regulation.

Essay about Cycling The Road to Good Health - 1008 Words

Cycling is the best way to get in shape, enjoy the outdoors, and have fun while you’re doing it. Unfortunately, many people think bicycles are for kids and often overlook the positive physical and psychological health benefits of cycling. If you ride bike for thirty minutes every day, you would burn eleven pounds of fat in a year, build lean muscle, boost your metabolism, and dramatically decrease your chances of acquiring heart disease. The immediate physical results of cycling will boost your self-esteem and you’ll find yourself wondering why you didn’t start pedaling down the road to good health sooner. America is the land of milk, honey, and all you can eat buffets, so it’s no surprise the United States ranks high amongst the†¦show more content†¦Cycling is easier on your body. Many people enjoy jogging as their form of exercise but some can’t handle the impact of their feet pounding the pavement. Jogging related injuries such as shin splints and runners knee are common over long periods of time. Cycling provides an efficient and low-impact cardiovascular workout for those living with arthritis or those rehabilitating knee injuries that make running too painful (Exercise). The circular motion of pedaling is therapeutic for those who suffer from arthritis and it builds muscle in the lower body, which provides strength, balance, and stability. Living with arthritis or knee injuries can be stressful but cycling is guaranteed to bring relief. Cycling will relieve stress. Modern American life moves at the speed of light and with our busy schedules it’s easy to become over stressed. Mental stress adversely affects our emotional and physical wellbeing. According to the Mayo Clinic, stress that’s left unchecked can contribute to heart disease, obesity, and diabetes (Stress). 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