The Theme of Feminism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 802 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2018/12/28 Category Society Essay Type Review Level High school Tags: Feminism Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Theme is the main subject or agenda passed on by author to the readers or audience. In this book I intent to explore how the theme of feminism is brought out the readers and also how the characters portrays this them. The story revolves around Akoko. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Theme of Feminism" essay for you Create order The buck stops with women in the fight against oppressive testosterone. It is upon women to tap into their innermost strength to transform the world it what they imagined. Akoko, being on the losing end in a male dominated family fought her way to earn her fathers love. She had to put her feet on the ground to make the world recognize her. Aloo, the family spokesman said that Akokos hard work had been incorporated into a saying that women sending their children on errands would mention her. She did not show any female shyness when she was introduced to her husband to be. With her head held high, Akoko stirred into Owuor Kembo a feeling that had not earned vocabulary among the Luo love. Akoko did not forbid the chief to marry only one wife. She was satisfied with him marrying as many wives as he can depending on his ability. It was the chiefs decision, to do has per his will and remain faithful to his wife .We are not told of any arm-twisting but sure as the sun rises in the east, Akoko build Chief Owuor Kembo to stand in her defence and love her unconditionally. I dont want to give out details on how managed it, and I dont intent to sound melodramatic about it. One thing that is for certain is, women have the power to change oppressive traditions to accommodate them. Otieno Kembo treated his wives like sluts. He thought he would do the same to Akoko, short as she was; she had the height in confidence. She stood him down on various occasions. She earned his fear and she cherished it. The difference between Akoko and Otienos wives are, she was daring where the wives were submissive, she was confident where they were shy and she was loving where they were just doing their duty to their husband. Many women in oppressive regimes choose to me dutiful. To ask little, oppose little and take in as much as they can. (Read Khaled Hosseinis A Thousand Splendid Suns). In most occasions, women wait until it is too late to do too little. Akoko stood before the DO and DC to demand for the birthright of her grandson. She did not have to use men to right a wrong; she did what any mother would do in the face of uncollapsible wall. She forwarded the case before the white man herself, defiant like Mekatilili before the British who were conscripting young Giriama men into a war they knew little about. She knew her days in Sakwa were over, she therefore packed, having won the war, and went away. Let me shift gears and burrow into other characters that bore a mark on feminism in the book. First on the list is Vera. Vera as a young lady broached a question which by standards of the time would have brought the earth to a standstill. Even in some societies today, such acts are despicable. She asked her father for permission to go out on a date with Tony Muhambe. This was an atrocity that could lodge a fishbone in any father. Her mother of course intervened in the matter but this act alone marked Vera as a woman daring to stand against forces that had defined her community. She turned down Tonys proposal for marriage! Who does that? She therefore decided to live unmarried life! This alone would have earned her father shame that would have landed him hanging on a tree in a banana plantation shame written over his face. A girls destiny was determined by her father. Vera did the despicable and her dad was okay with it. Wandia Mugo the wife of Aoro sigu is a significant woman too. She did ask Aoro to marry her! Further on in the book, she becomes the first Kenyan woman to earn a doctorate in Medicine. Men should shallow a hard pill on this! A woman! A doctor! A doctor Woman! Conclusion Entirely, the trendsetters in this book are ladies who stand out to struggle and live their own life and do away with regimes that are oppressive and fail to recognize woman. Woman in this book have proved that they can still perform tasks that man can do. The sense of equality is created by the characters in the play. It is unfortunate that more communities culture does not support this idea of equality between woman and men. This theme of feminism is argued out briefly as per the context.

The Ethical Principles Of Ethics - 852 Words

Ethics is a crucial principle in human lives. It is necessary here to clarify exactly what is meant by Ethics. The term ethics may be defined as â€Å"a set of principles and concepts that guide people to determine what behavior helps or harms sentient creatures† (Paul Elder, 2006). Generally, in all nations and cultures, parents always teach their children the importance of truthfulness, forgiveness and honesty and all of that consider as parts of morality. Thus, in individual level, morality is significant, therefore, in organizational level morality and integrity should be at the same level of importance. It is generally believed that ethical policies are highly necessary in every organisation or association. Research environment is one of the areas, which highly require some moral regulation and policy especially in some developing countries. In this paper, the terms Research ethical regulations are used to describe â€Å"group of principles and policies that aim to regulate each step of research† (Oates, et al., 2010). The safety of all volunteers is one of the major concern in research ethics (Rawnsley, 2014). This policy does not only aim to ensure that there is no physical harm to any participant, but also intend to prevent the occurrence of any psychological effects for volunteers (Rawnsley, 2014). Furthermore, the availability of such policy emboldens and keep the best ethical research practice (Oates, et al., 2010). In addition to the previous point, this policyShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Principles Of Ethics Essay1244 Words   |  5 PagesFirst and foremost it is impo rtant to understand the meaning of ethics. I define ethics to be the decision between what I believe to be morally right and wrong. Many different factors influence my opinions on ethics such as my values, culture I grew up in, my family, religious beliefs, and many others. While I have my own beliefs on what I deem to be right and wrong, there are also rules, views, and models to help when making ethical decisions. Each rule is not perfect, but the advantages help individualsRead MoreEthical And Ethical Principles Of Business Ethics Essay1163 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinition and discussion of the meaning of business ethics; (1 point) â€Å"Business ethics is the application of moral and ethical principles in a business context.† – In the business society it is not just about what the law says, there are instances that a situation is in accordance with the rule of law, but somehow there are gray areas that violates the common principles of the society. That is the reason why nowadays, moral and business ethics are being observed widely. 3. A discussion of how youRead MoreEthical Principles Of Ethics And Corporate Ethics3491 Words   |  14 Pages(b)Write out the one page (up to 500 words) definition of what is Ethics and what is Morality on the first page. You will need to include in your definition also Sacred Texts, Sacred People, the Ethic itself and Human Reasoning. (We will refer to this in class). Ethics Definition: Ethics are the set of moral principles that guide a person s behavior. These morals are shaped by social norms, cultural practices, and religious influences. Ethics reflect beliefs about what is right, what is wrong, what isRead MoreEthical Principles Of The Word Ethics1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy states that the word ethics is commonly used interchangeably with morality ... and sometimes it is used more narrowly to mean the moral principles of a particular tradition, group or individual (Deigh, 1995). Since we were kids and we began to realize what was around us, our parents and grandparents have taught us the basic knowledge of what is good and what is bad. It is indeed an inherent characteristic of all human being and grows from our desires toRead MoreEthical Theories And Principles Of The Ethics1576 Words   |  7 Pages Ethical theories and principles are the backbone of decision making, as they are the table from which one generates guidance in order to make the most ethically correct decision. Each of the different ethical theories discussed has sought to provide the best answer to the question: â€Å"Why should we adopt or reject particular ethical values and principles to guide our actions† (Hutchings, 14). I believe that the deontological theory provides the best answer to the preceding question; the theory doesRead MoreEthical Theories And Principles Of Ethics930 Words   |  4 Pagesal., 2009). Ethics means weighing carefully the actions to be undertaken throug h the compliance prism of a set of values and standards defined at the level of society, for its own good. Ethical leadership is ‘‘the demonstration of normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of such conduct to followers through two-way communication, reinforcement, and decision-making’’ (Brown, Trevino, Harrison, 2005, p. 120). Ethical leaders areRead MoreEthical Principles Of Business Ethics1995 Words   |  8 PagesBUSINESS ETHICS Ethics is the branch of philosophy that focuses on morality and the way in which moral principles are applied to everyday life. It involves an active process of applying values, which may range from religious principles to customs and traditions. Business ethics focuses on the good or wrong behavior in the world of business, all companies have a responsibility to apply moral and ethical principles to the marketplace and workplace. Also business people have a responsibility to theRead MorePersonal Ethical Principles Of Personal Ethics Essay1131 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal ethics are continuous developed throughout an individuals life, adapting to new knowledge, and refining as you age. To me, personal ethics are defined as a set of governing principles based on what one thinks is morally correct. They are presented through the person’s behaviors, actions, and beliefs. My personal ethics have been and still are developing due to my family, friends, environment, and intrinsi c thought. Each individual has their own set of ethical beliefs that, thought out theRead MoreEthical Principles : Ethics, And My General Ethical Philosophy1295 Words   |  6 PagesWhen people think of ethics, they think of norms or standards that help them distinguish their moral instincts in an atmosphere, but ethics is much more than that. The best way to interpret ethics, and my general ethical philosophy, is to look at your beliefs and think about your reaction if those beliefs were challenged. My ethics are the norms that I follow which allow me to carry out all of my decisions and the way I live my life. We are not born with ethical principles; they are thrown togetherRead MoreEthical Concepts And Principles Of Business Ethics1673 Words   |  7 Pagesbusinessmen and women have their own private consciences to guide them. So do we really need to study business ethics? Is it necessary for businesspeople to be familiar with abstract ethical concepts and principles, and to engage in ethical reasoning? Why / why not? (7 points) I believe it is most certainly necessary for business people to be familiar with ethical concepts and principles. The increasing complexity of today s economy has heightened businesses responsibilities to protect consumers

Genetic (825 words) Essay Example For Students

Genetic (825 words) Essay GeneticEngineeringFor many years, man has been advancing his race through technology. Many thingsthrough those were questionable and questionable, but none are close to acertain technology today. And that would be genetic engineering. What exactly isgenetic engineering? To put it shortly, it is where scientists splice, alter,and manipulate genes of one thing to how the scientist want it, and even insertthat gene into a foreign host. This technological tool is too powerful for us tohandle. It is advancing faster than we can expect. Because of this fact, geneticengineering raises many moral and ethical issues while also showing signs ofmany dangers. This controversially technology could be looked at two ways, onereligiously and the other, scientifically and economically. First, lets talka religious point of view on genetic engineering. With the current knowledge wehave today in genetic engineering, life can easily be created and manipulated toones liking. How can one Play God by creati ng and altering life atones will and not at all feel guilty? Havent we learned that trying to beon a level as God is a punishable act? Such examples are ones such as thedestruction of Babylon. People at that time tried to build a tower high enoughto reach God, but it was destroyed, a punishment by God that warned us of whatwill happen if we tried to get powerful as him. People say that God gave us theknowledge to discover. If this is so, did God give us the knowledge to make theatom bomb so we could wipe out cities and vast lives in an instant? Did God giveus the knowledge to make deadly biological weapons to kill each other with? Anddid God give us the knowledge to be so advance in warfare today that the worldcould be destroyed in minutes? God did not give us the knowledge to do thesethings or for genetic engineering. Man ignorantly chooses his own way andchooses to venture out doing things that are wrong. So who are we to decide whatsex a baby should be, how it should look, and wh at skills it might have? Theseare just few of the many questions raised in a religious point of view. Next, isthe scientific and economical view. One goal of genetic engineering is to makeproducts more efficient. Things such as crops and other plants are one of thethings that have been experimented on and even released into the environment. This is especially dangerous because scientists are not fully sure of what couldgo wrong. A genetically altered crop or plant could become dominant and takeover all of the its like species and become a problem such as becoming majorpests. There have been many cases where non-indigenous plants introduced into adifferent environment served no use and became major pest problems. But evenmore dangerous altered plants are genetically altered humans. The functions ofall the genes are not known, only these of a very small percentage of the totalgenes in organisms such as humans. So why would a scientist take a risk, notknowing the full potential dangers it might cause, such as having an effect onother genes? Privacy is another major concern. What if a sing drop of apersons blood could reveal all the faults of that person? When will we wakeup in a world where everyone has permanent records of what defect will come upin their lifetime and what other things they are susceptible of getting. Wha t ifinsurance companies got hold of these records? Could people be refused of healthinsurance because of these facts? There are many examples where people have beenrefused of some health care because of genetic screening. Not only that, in arecent poll in Time magazine, a question was asked if a person whose geneticprofile shows potential problems pay higher health-insurance rates than someonewhose profile does not? Only 8 % answered yes while the majority 88% said no. .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 , .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 .postImageUrl , .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 , .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99:hover , .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99:visited , .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99:active { border:0!important; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99:active , .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Five Career EssayObviously even the majority of this nation does not want to be geneticallyprofiled. One recent controversy that has come up is cloning. With some DNA ofan organism, scientists are able to make and exact copy of that organism. Asheep and a monkey have already been successfully cloned, and with the currenttechnology, humans could also be cloned. This raises the most ethical and moralissues because many questions would be raised about the clone. What will be thepurpose of making exact human copies? We might even get to a point where humansare cloned for specific duties or even cloned for body parts needed by organrecipients. Would rights would that clone have ? Maybe the same as everyone ormaybe not. Again, this is something that we as humans should never experimentwith or even attempt. To conclude, genetic engineering is a tool that is toopowerful for any man to handle. It is too dangerous and crosses many moral andethical issues. Do we want to perfect ourselves to immortality? Such things arenot meant to be handled by mere mortals such as us. We should let nature takeits course as it has been for over many successful generations.

Ten Little Indians Review Essay Example

Ten Little Indians Review Paper Essay on Ten Little Indians Terrific detective. My humble opinion it is the best work of the infamous us ladies. Ten people come to the island, and there they in turn begin to kill, and very ingenious ways of using the nursery rhyme about Little Indians. But I would like to mention is the psychological component: how masterful, masterly Lady Agatha shows us people who do not have anything in common, which differ in their social status, outlook as clearly revealed the nature of each in a critical situation. Read it one big pleasure. Initially, all of them well-bred ladies and gentlemen (with rare exceptions), and then everything changes. Panic, fear, mistrust, suspicion cover everyone, and it is quite natural. However, each cares only about his own skin. As one character: You look at us. As we do not have anything human. We have a real zoo. I was interested most of all Phillip Lombard. Smart, resourceful, smart, agile, decisive, however, selfish, hard, arrogant, harsh, it is a kind of a bad boy, a lost sheep , the man himself the first to admit that he calmly left the African squad to die, and he fled . from the camp with provisions What I was most hooked in this detective story is the ability to some extent to look at ourselves. And what if I was there, how would I have behaved? Of course, Im fine, its just a fantasy, but they are forced to think about the true nature of people, which is hidden deep inside. On the other hand, these people on the island were guilty of murder, however, under the law of this show it was impossible. So, whether it was a deserved punishment or a crime of a madman who imagines himself the Almighty? I think that the one and the other equally. By the way, I was not able to guess when reading detective who is the murderer. And you? We will write a custom essay sample on Ten Little Indians Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ten Little Indians Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ten Little Indians Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Ten Little Indians Review Essay Example Ten Little Indians Review Paper Essay on Ten Little Indians SPOILER! Episode of the death of Judge You probably judge the film. I emphasize in the book Faith shouts, they fled to her room. Discover her there in a state of shock. SHOT nobody heard. In the book, the shot was not heard anyone, because it was not produced. All of them later wonder why did not hear the shot. Someone gives Vera a drink, but she refuses. Blore, it was he, not the doctor, goes down over a bottle and bring it unopened. Later, they go down together and find a judge. Which side you can suspect the doctor? I emphasize again, I judge by the book, according to the original source where the shot was not, where all were in a room at the Faith in critical momet, including doktor.V film might have been a different situation, but the book is in this case, doctors suspect it was impossible a) to analyze the place and killing methods -. they guessed that it was a murder, not a suicide and not an accident only after the third death. Then you know who took the lead in their own hands, and most believed his reasonable arguments. Well still, a reputable person easier in this case to be conformal. What do you mean by everyone all the time to stick together, because in the end they did. Poor souls dispersed through the rooms at night, because the room felt safe, because the door is locked, causing the furniture :)) funny picture:) It is in the room at night for such it was quieter door. After all, at the end of it all, there are rules of decency, and that the English, particularly at that time, at that time, they will kill themselves better than stay the night in the same room with unmarried girls :)) When it comes to saving life, such nonsense, and I do not think, but its gentlemen, who are posing a good face on a bad game:)) We will write a custom essay sample on Ten Little Indians Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ten Little Indians Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ten Little Indians Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Essay on Siemens CSR

Essay on Siemens CSR Essay on Siemens CSR Sample essay on Siemens CSR: Siemens is an international company that deals with electronics. Over the years, the company has stood for technical achievements, quality, reliability and innovation. Siemens is the leading provider of technologies that are eco-friendly. In terms of energy efficiency, healthcare that is personalized and industrial productivity, Siemens is the pioneer. What Siemens can leverage Siemens can employ several strategies in order to leverage. The strategies will lead to long term growth of the company. One of such strategies is sustainability which means that the company will act responsibly in order to cater for future generations. The main aim of sustainability is to achieve social, economic and environmental progress (Voien 205) To achieve efficiency, Siemens is providing products that are innovative in the area of environment. The company is also aimed at providing solutions that will improve the Eco balance of its customers and that of itself. When it comesto business, the company mainly focuses on the creation of long term values. The company also fosters its employees so that they can be good citizens in the areas where the company operates. By implementing CSR, the company focuses on such issues as Innovation, human rights, diversity, employee qualifications and sustainability in the supply chain. All the members of the company contribute to sustainability of the company by carrying corporate functions such as those related to health, environment and safety. In order to be strategic in the market, Siemens can employ some strategic methods. First, it can expand its environment portfolio in order to increase its target and generate more revenue. The company can also come up with solutions that will assist in reducing greenhouse emissions by advancing green innovations. The other key strategy would be the involvement of stakeholders. This can be done by exchange of ideas by increasingly collaborating with organizations which will help them improve their sustainability. It is also crucial for the company to improve dialogue with stakeholders. Another strategy that the company can adopt is innovativeness (Voien 208). This can be achieved by unleashing creativity, potential and energy of their employees. The company should also strive to measure the success of their strategies by basing them on the feedback they get from their customers. The company should on a continuing basis update their portfolio with an aim to providing solutions to challenges that the society is facing. This will enable the company to provide sustainable values. With an aim to engage employees, the company can employ modern modes of social media such as Facebook and twitter. Such platforms for communication will enable the company to give employees a sense of freedom as they adopt modern modes of interaction and communication. Use of Microsoft technology will also enable the company to engage employees in the activities of the company. Siemens should also encourage democratic participation of employees in the activities of the company (Voien 218). This will enable the employees have a feeling of ownership of community programs and eventually efficiency will be improved in the long run. Panasonic Corporation has extensively used social media in marketing which is a shift from odd marketing strategies and leveraged on Facebook and LinkedIn company pages. Such pages are being used regularly for press release providing customers with an interactive community page for interaction. Panasonic Corporation tweets usually pop-up with messages proving customers with latest booths to visits, at the same time providing customers and the corporation with a platform to share their views and opinions on the company products. In conclusion, the CSR issues of Siemens are critical for the success and sustainability of the company. Customers of the company should be engaged so that they can give feedback on the products and services of the company. Our custom essay writing service can write a non-plagiarized essay, term paper or research paper on Siemens for you. Order custom papers written from scratch!

Dial One, Followed by the Octothorpe

Dial One, Followed by the Octothorpe Dial One, Followed by the Octothorpe Dial One, Followed by the Octothorpe By Maeve Maddox Everyone knows the cross-hatched symbol #. For some its the pound sign because it has been used by greengrocers as a symbol for pound on the little signs pricing fruit and vegetables: .75# (seventy-five cents a pound). For some its the tic-tac-toe sign because of the game that uses it as the playing area. Automated telephone systems instruct us to dial certain numbers, followed by the pound sign, a direction that confused me at first because I think of this symbol as the number sign. As if there werent already enough names for it, engineers at Bell have come up with an official moniker for it: the octothorpe. The octo part comes from the fact that the symbol has eight points. No one seems to be able to say with any certainty where the thorpe comes from. European phone companies, like British Telecom, call the symbol a square, a term apparently too simple for the North American telephone industry. On the other hand, rather than use the obvious word asterisk for that symbol on the dial, the telephone powers prefer to call it a star. Go figure. For an exploration of the etymology of octothorpe visit World Wide Words. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Types of LanguageGrammar Quiz #21: Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses50 Synonyms for â€Å"Villain†

The United States's Balance of Payments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The United States's Balance of Payments - Essay Example A transaction is generally referred to as the exchange of an asset for another or an asset for many other assets. International transactions are listed in the balance of payments on a double entry basis as in business accounting. This principle enables each transaction to yield two offsetting entries with values equal so that the debit and credit entries balance each other. Transactions are valued according to the market prices and are recorded in occurrence of a change of ownership. Changes of ownership on goods, services, and unilateral transfers make up the current account, transactions in financial assets and liabilities constituting the capital account. According to International Monetary Fund in its strife for international comparability, balance of payment refers to â€Å" a statistical statement for a given period showing (1) transactions in goods, services, and income between an economy and the rest of the world, (2) changes of ownership and other changes in that economy’s monetary gold, special drawing rights, (SDR’s), and claims on and liabilities to the rest of the world, and (3) unrequited transfers and counterpart entries that are needed to balance, in the accounting sense, any entries for the foregoing transactions and changes which are not mutually offsetting.† In United States, balance of payments is prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and the U.S. Department of commerce on quarterly basis. In this view, an economy is considered to be composed of economic entities with a closer degree of association to given territory than with the other. In U.S. balance of payments, the economy is made of over 50 states. Balance of payments according to the principle of double-entry of business accounting provides for every increase in an asset to be offset by decreases in other assets or increases in liabilities. As such, an increase in an

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 32

Summary - Essay Example Loneliness is one of the themes which have been put forward by Robert Frost in this poem. According to him loneliness is practiced by everyone in this world and everyone wants his or her privacy. And in his view some people consider this privacy and loneliness to be good for relationships. As it can be seen in the poem that the neighbor of the speaker states Good fences make good neighbors which means that limits and boundaries to every relationship is good for its nourishment. The speaker and his neighbor are seen to be building walls over their lands so that they cannot see each other and maintain a limit to their relationship. Tradition is another theme which has been given forward by Robert Frost in Mending Walls. As it is written in the passage â€Å"to walk the line / and set the wall between us once again† and â€Å"will not go behind his father’s saying ... ‘Good fences make good neighbors.† Both these quotes clearly show how tradition is being followed by both the narrator and his neighbor over these years. The narrator however insists over breaking this tradition but the neighbor is following his father’s saying and repairing the fences every year. The narrator believes that the boundaries between him and the neighbor are useless as no such quantitative property is kept in thes/e regions. But even in the end it can be seen that the neighbor does not break the traditions and repairs the fences anyways. It can be derived from this poem that traditions are still important to the people of this world no matter what. These traditions are not to be broken in any case even if it disturbs the peace of this world. Nature also plays its role in the theme of this poem. As it can be seen in the passage â€Å"Something there is that doesnt love a wall†. Here something is meant to be nature and its power on the human bond in this world. It is clearly seen in the poem that whenever the narrator and neighbor build the wall it is destroyed by nature so that

Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts Essay Example for Free

Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts Essay The first article discusses the overall Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender people; and Building a Foundation for a better understanding. In this article you will find accompanying research on the generally health status of the LGBT community. A condition in order to review existing research on sexual-gender-minority health, this article presents research encounters accompanying with this particular study of LGBT populations. When research method along with data sources that would be used in the studding of these populaces and to determine the best overall reliable practice for directing this type of research on the health conditions on LGBT people, also finding a summary of key on research opportunities. With this topic the three overall important challenges are confronting the researchers attempt to gathering any type of effective and somewhat consistent data for describing the LGBT community and the basics on measuring their health. The first is defining the overall measures of sexual coordination and the gender distinctiveness. Next is overpowering the lack of enthusiasm from some LGBT individuals in order to identify themselves for the purposes of research. The third challenge is to obtain high-quality samples of relatively small populations. Although the â€Å"LGBT† acronym is generally applied to more or less lesbians, gay people, bisexual women and men, and also transgender people. These groups are pretty distinct and could also comprise with other subgroups based on ethnicity, race, age, geographic location, and other factors like socioeconomic status. These types of variations have been implicated for the purpose of health research, also including the need to capture sample sizes that are just large enough to help with the understanding of difference amongst certain subgroups. With the research method in all practical of each component the studies design has to be grounded on the deliberation of certain appearances of the people actuality studied, in order for the most actual method of the data received are to be  developed. When dealing with the LGBT studies the research needs to identify and choose the most effective methods to balance for the unique research that is explained above. Challenges with sampling requires careful precise of definition on the targeted population of its study. When you set up the target population be sure to set up as well the elements and what information is required overall and what limited estimates that would be required (ONM, 2001). Let just say for example, the targeted population is the LGBT in a particular state, geographic or the community area. If the supporters of this targeted populace are nominated into to a particular sample by random and unbiased mechanism and every individual within the target should have knowledge of being selected into this studies and the overall subsequent study model could be used to attraction implications and will simplify the target population, thus generating a â€Å"representative† of this targeted populace. Other items explain in this article are data collections using quantitative and Qualitative methods. In addition to choosing the most appropriate sampling frame that concerns major methodological concerns over the options of using quantitative and Qualitative methods. With research opportunity its beat that procedures need to be created for take full advantage of its usefulness obtainable data. I next article I came across was about Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice. It discusses how nursing is clearly becoming a bit more evolving towards a likable evidence-based practice regardless of the many obstacles that are processed. In today society trends are propelling around healthcare delivery system for the concentration on patient overall safety, its value, and overall distinction to create a managerial cultural within expectation for all teams members of healthcare. The landmark publications To Err is Human (Institute of Medicine, 2000) and Crossing the Quality Chasm (Institute of Medicine, 2001) have served as the impetus for all healthcare professionals to consider their practice patterns. The quest for Magnet designation has propelled nursing leaders to evaluate whether the care delivery models they use incorporate evidence-based practice, and there is integration of research and evidence-based practice in clinical and operational processes (Turkel, Reidinger, F erket, Reno, 2005). To embed these values among a nursing staff, clinical staff participation in the  process of nursing research is critical, as well as the use of evidence to drive nursing interventions (Clark, 2006). I have noted that the research generally process of methodical inquiry to create and develop acquaintance within a self-control or profession. I have also learned that research validates and refinances of existing knowledge and develops new knowledge (Burns and Grove, 2007). With nursing research priorities exists to provide a certain high quality of nursing care for any individual in need of any type of healthcare promotions, also health sustain along with health-restoring strategies. Is show’s how the overall consequence of this type of research activity for a typical nurse would be ultimately and put its knowledge increased to work along with its healthcare delivery! Something else I have found about research priorities is that; frequently set up by groups that will fund its research just to reassure nurse researchers and to possibly devote time and money within in those types of areas! Looking at its study designs tells the researcher how data would be collected. It’s noted that the researcher indicates a method founded on a question along with the current levels of knowledge about the issues at hand to be studied. The concept like caring, pain and unhappiness are of principal importance (Speziale and Carpenter, 2007); this design provides a dimension of understanding and adds to the traditional quantity method. For an overall general understanding Nurses of just about every level should really critically read these types of research journal articles. It also explains the types of levels and evidence that exists and it many forms. Perhaps you can see that the most obvious form would be the journal article that helps to describe a single research study. It states that certain subject has been extensively studied; other research articles with more information may also be wide-ranging as well. Previous to EBP, the readers were responsibly for original reports to evaluate and to agree if any of the supporting documentation could be used in a practice setting. References: http://phoenix.summon.serialssolutions.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/search?s. q=business+problem+is+researched+using+a+qualitative+design+and+the+other+using+a+quantitative+design AAPOR (American Association for Public Opinion Research) Best practices. 2010. [October 22, 2010].https://www​.aapor.org/Best_Practices.htm. Aaron DJ, Chang YF, Markovic N, LaPorte RE. Estimating the lesbian population: A capture-recapture approach.Journal of Epidemiology Community Health. 2003;57(3):207–209. [PMC free article] [PubMed] Almeida J, Johnson RM, Corliss HL, Molnar BE, Azrael D. Emotional distress among LGBT youth: The influence of perceived discrimination based on sexual orientation. Journal of Youth Adolescence. 2009;38(7):1001–1014.[PMC free article] [PubMed] Austin SB, Conron K, Patel A, Freedner N. Making sense of sexual orientation measures: Findings from a cognitive processing study with adolescents on health survey questions. Journal of LGBT Health Research. 2007;3(1):55–65.[PubMed] Clark, M. L. (2006). The Magnet Recognition Program and evidence-based practice. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 21, 186–189. Check Document Availability Bibliographic Links [Context Link] Greenhalgh, T. (2006). How to read a paper: The basics of evidence-based medicine(3rd ed.). Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishing. [Context Link] Institute of Medicine. (Ed.). (2000). To err is human: Building a safer system.Washington, DC: National Academies Press. [Context Link] Institute of Medicine (Ed.). (2001). Crossing the quality chasm: A new health system for the 21st century. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. [Context Link]

Narco-Terror: the United States, the Drug War, and the War on Terror

Narco-Terror: the United States, the Drug War, and the War on Terror Introduction The United States has had a long-standing policy of intervening in the affairs of other nations when the country has thought it within its best interests to do so. Since the 1970’s the United States has tried to impose its will on other nations to combat the most pressing political enemy of the day often linking the war on drugs to the matter to stoke support both domestically and abroad. In the times of the Cold War, this enemy was communism and the government tried to make the connection of the â€Å"Red Dope Menace† insinuating drug links with China, Castro’s Cuba, and the Sandinistas in Nicaragua. However, as the world has evolved and communism’s prominence has waned, there is a new enemy whose existence has become intertwined with the drug war. That enemy is terrorism. The connection has gone so far that politicians and journalists have coined a new term to describe the link calling this new problem of our time â€Å"Narco-terror.† This pa per will examine US efforts to control the drug trade and fight terrorism in Colombia, Peru, Afghanistan and the desired and often undesired consequences that have come about because of those efforts. Colombia Narcoterrorism has a long past in the history of Colombia, focusing mainly on the market development of one drug: cocaine. Colombia, with its arid tropical climate and lush land, is an ideal place for the sowing and reaping of the coca plant whose extracts are synthesized into the powder cocaine drug. As Colombian cocaine production skyrocketed in the 1970’s and 1980’s thanks to booming demand for the product in Americas, drug kingpins in Colombia began to wield immense power in the country. ... ... Connection Between Drugs and Terror.† June 20, 2002. 10. Sly, Liz â€Å"Opium Cash Fuels Terror†¦Ã¢â‚¬  February 9, 2004. 11. â€Å"Colombia’s Crimson Night.† 12. Gray, Mike. â€Å"Drugs and Terrorism.† 13. Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs. â€Å"Plan Colombia.† March 14, 2001. 14. Taylor, Robert â€Å"Peru: Sendero on the Offensive – in Court† April 2003. 15. â€Å"Sendero Luminoso Attacks.†

Jefferson vs Hamilton

Jefferson vs. Hamilton Democratic Republican vs. Federalist Jefferson Image Jefferson acted with democratic simplicity; he made his image plain and disliked people claiming positions that they didn’t deserve. He won the 1804 reelection easily Jefferson eliminated the feeling of majesty surrounding presidency Views He was a political genius, and worked as leader of his party to give the Republicans in Congress direction. Money Washington and Adams had increased national debt and taxation.Jefferson countered this in 1802 by having Congress get rid off all internal taxes, leaving only land sales and customs duties He also cut government spending, which resulted in cutting the debt in half. Military Jefferson scaled down the armed forces and the navy, because he feared limiting civilian freedoms and government. This also promoted overseas trade instead of agriculture. At same time, he established US Military Academy and built up the navy after threats by pasha of Tripoli (rulers i n Libya), which occurred because Jefferson’s end to paying ransom demanded by pirates.Social Composition Jeffersonians, for the most part, were artisans, shopkeepers, frontier settlers, or owners of small farms in the interior regions of the South and West. Government (Democratic Republican) Jeffersonians favored a form of government that was more democratic than that of England. Jeffersonians thought that the common people were capable of self-government. They wanted to establish a small property owner's democracy. Jeffersonians desired to increase the opportunities for the common people to participate in government by lowering voting qualifications.Jeffersonians favored a strict interpretation of the Constitution to limit the powers of the central government and conserve state rights. Jeffersonians wanted to reduce the number of federal officeholders. Hamiltonians Social Composition Hamiltonians, for the most part, were merchants, bankers, manufacturers, or professional men from New England and the Atlantic seaboard, along with some wealthy farmers and southern planters. Government (Federalists)Hamiltonians admired the English aristocracy and the English system of government and wished to see it used as a model. Hamiltonians considered the common people ignorant and incapable of self-government. Hamiltonians desired high voting qualifications, claiming that unfettered democracy was anarchy. Hamiltonians favored a broad interpretation of the Constitution to strengthen the central government at the expense of state's rights. Hamiltonians wanted an expanding bureaucracy. Hamiltonians, under certain circumstances, favored restrictions on speech and the press. Issue |Hamilton |Jefferson | |BUS ( Bank of the United States) |Yes |No | |Constitution Interpretation |Broad |Strict | |Tariff |Yes |No | |Region |North |South | |Federalism |Strong National Government |States | |Culture |Urban/Industrial |Farmers/Agrarian | |Whiskey Rebellion |Vote |Civil Disobedie nce | |Foreign Alliance (England/France) |England |France | |French Revolution |No |Yes |

Cultures in the World Essay

To define culture is not easy because culture means different things to different people. Hence there many definitions of culture as there are many different cultures in the World. Anthropologists define culture as social behaviour of human beings. To others dance, music, theatre, artifacts and fashion constitute culture. On the other hand, fashion is a style characteristic of the social elite and is mainly associated with social class and is highly dynamic. Hence fashion should be in current mode for instance a garment. Fashion, style, vogue or even mode are used interchangeably to refer to a preferred type of dress, behaviour, adornment or a way of life at a given time span. In broadest terms fashion usually refers to conventions which are generally accepted by a society or by any culture or even a subculture. Style like mode often stresses the adherence to standards and elegance and should be socially accepted. For instance miniskirts were the mode in the late sixties. Vogue is applied to style or fashion that prevails widely but often suggests enthusiastic but short lived acceptance (The American heritage 2003). Wilson, further states that fashion is always in a continual change and sets the terms for all sartorial behaviour (Wilson 2003). The importance of fashion can never be overemphasized in the current world since fashion now is always around us from media to our daily lives in clothing and even automobile sector. Let it be clearly noted that fashion is for aesthetic as well as societal class, elegance and modesty. In the current years fashion has become a major factor affecting the psychosocial wellbeing of major cultures and subcultures in the world. This influences the life of people both in style and preferences and their economical sphere. The growth of fashion is linked with the development of cities and urban centres in the 14th century and the growing sophistication of the courts. But it is only in 15th and 16th centuries when people developed the culture of fashion and class such that they felt shameful to wear outdated clothes (Wilson 2003). The entrance of fashion led to increased spending on clothes and a clear cut class differences. The rise of bourgeoisie became so much crucial in the development of fashion and style. The poorest class received the cheapest clothing with the people in the highest level in class ladder wearing the most expensive clothes. With the rise of Industrial revolution came capitalism hence new markets for clothes in fashion and fashion became more and more important with the circulation of images in mass communication. GENDER AND FASHION In the current contemporary world, fashion has become the order of the day. Media houses and world class beauty and model centres have been developed all over the world especially in Europe and U. S. A. However, unlike the past where fashion was associated with female, this industry welcomes both genders nowadays. But because of the past skewed interest of ladies in the industry they are still the major players. Nevertheless, almost every one in the current society setting especially in urban areas appreciates fashion and style and is a product of the same in one way or another. People are more conscious when it comes to fashion and no one is willing to be left behind in the outdated world hence consumption of these fashion products has tremendously risen. ‘Dress is a practical negotiation between the fashion system, the social conditions of everyday life such as class and gender as well as rules or norm governing particular social situations. The outcome of this complex interaction cannot be known in advance precisely because the habitus will improvise and adapt to these conditions’. Thus dress is a personal attempt to orientate ourselves to particular circumstances and thus recognise the structural influences of the social world and the individual on the other (Entwistle 2000) FASHION AND MODERNITY Fashion has kept pace with modern life. It has followed every step the global world is making and is by itself part and parcel of the globalised world. From North to South, West to East fashion is seen to influence the global ways of life. However, this is bringing about similarity and extinction of cultures since fashion and culture are linked and the change of one leads to change of the other. Since fashion is dynamic it follows that the fashion of yester years is different from the fashion of today hence today’s fashion is new and can be termed as modern. Modern fashion has greatly been affected by the present technological advancement and the entrance of new marketing approach. For example, the use of internet has revolutionized this industry. It is not a wonder therefore what is considered modern in London today is even being used the following day in Washington. This has promoted customized fashion products to promote what many fashion stars look for in fashion; uniqueness and class. Fashion and style industry has in the recent decades been well established with increased sales as many people go for class and fashion. Also, the quality of the products has greatly developed thus fashion has become our way of life. FASHION, SUBCULTURAL & YOUTH STYLES It is important to distinguish between the concept of youth culture and youth subcultures. In general terms youth culture is more homogenous, doing similar things and being treated in the same way playing down aspects of differentiation. This idea was much popular with U. S sociologists in early 1960s. In modern youth culture emphasis is more on subcultures. Unlike the 20th c where fashion was highly linked with class, in 21st c the line of demarcation has narrowed and the mode of classification is not only on class lines but across a wide plane of social and cultural identities. Hence the youth even in ghettos are coming up with their modes of fashion. The issue of subcultures within the large framework of culture in a society is a major phenomenon. Hence these subcultures act as the seed bed for fashion that is embraced by the larger society. The link between class and identity is far less apparent in the 20th c, in particular since high fashion is democratised and not longer the prerogative of a small elite. In contemporary culture distinction does not run along class lines alone but across a wide plane of social identities. Thus, rather than being only imposed from the top, fashion is also ‘bubbling up’ from the street and youth cultures (Entwistle 2000). The use of style brings across clear identity within the youth and serves to sometimes oppose dominant values within the society. Youth tend to solve their problems of culture and fashion in their own unique understandable way hence they act against the main stream fashions of the old. However their fashions and style are dominantly affected by the media and celebrities entertainment industry. Fashion trends brought forward by top musicians come fast and go quickly. These fashions and styles linked with subcultures are known to be diverse as the youth are dynamic. Therefore the rate of change of any fashion within a subculture is higher than in the dominant cultures. The youth also customise fashions by either adding or removing some parts from the original fashion to create a different identity. And for sure youth have revolutionised the world of fashion and culture, in the contemporary world. Therefore fashion is regarded as a mode of identity by the youth and serves as the avenue through which the youth express themselves. EFFECTS OF FASHION ON CONSUMERISM The cycle of fashion in the modern times has been found to influence the level of consumerism in the current world. Fashion is fueled by change and conversion. Designers always persuade their customers that their new fashions are everything they need. In the next season the same designers convince their customers to bade farewell to outdated designs and instead embrace the new trends in their latest collections. Western society’s culture of mass consumerism has widely been influenced by the fashion cycle. Sociologist Stella C. (1993) likens fashion cycle with the rolling waves of the sea. As one fashion gains popularity and is outdated another style is gaining momentum and this change our modern culture. Today’s fashion is not only placed on the contest of youth, sexuality and historicism, but also previous culture movements and shows fashion reflects its surrounding, its subjects but ultimately itself. FASHION AND CLASS Fashion is known to influence lifestyle and how people relate within the society. However this relationship is both on the individual and societal levels. Fashion is a product of class division since many people want to be seen in a unique way within any given society and societies also show their class differences using fashion hence affecting the culture of present societies. CONCLUSION It is true that fashion and culture are highly interlinked. A culture that appreciates fashion is a culture that is dynamic and ready to follow where its fashion leads it to. Modern culture is hinged on the fashion of each passing day and unlike the past psychosocial behaviour is influenced by fashion on a larger scale. Youth subcultures promote their own form of fashion which may be interlinked with fashions within the larger sphere of culture. These fashions serve to show their rebellious identity. The cycle of fashion has seen unnecessary changes of fashion due to designers who look forward to make profits and are out to change fashions as quickly as practicably possible. Hence the world is supposed to be aware of these uncalled changes in fashions. Unethical issues are also related to fashion and culture. Therefore, some people see it like their religious and spiritual beliefs are affected by fashion. However on a global perspective fashion has promoted the entrance of more products in the world market leading to increased competitiveness. Modern global culture is a mirror of fashion and design. REFERENCES Bruzzi Stella, and Patricia Gibson, 2000, Fashion Cultures: Theories, Explorations, and Analysis. London; New York: Routledge. Craik, Jennifer, 1993, The Face of Fashion: Cultural Studies in Fashion. London; New York: Routledge. Entwistle, J. 2000, The Fashioned Body: Fashion, Dress and Modern Social Theory. Cambridge: Polity Press. Malossi, G. 2000, Material Man: Masculinity, Sexuality, Style. New York: H. N. Abrams. The American Heritage, 2003, Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition by Houghton Mifflin Company. U. S. A.

feminist art in 1970s essays

feminist art in 1970s essays Although womens art has been present throughout the whole history of art, feminist art as a political and art movement has emerged in late 1960s and established itself in 1970s. Several countercultural movements arose simultaneously with feminism in the 1960s as part of postmodernism. At this time the United States has experienced social upheaval coming with the Civil Rights Movement, the Vietnam War, economic prosperity, the arrival of oral contraceptives, reforms in the Catholic Church, assassination of the president John F. Kennedy, and experimentation with psychotropic drugs. Political, scientific, and cultural tumult has greatly influenced the emergence of feminist movement, thus feminist artists. Social politics have been a great part and a reason for art. The key principle was consciousness raising, defined by womens movement theorists as a method of using ones own experience as the most valid way of formulating political analysis (Bronde). Feminist artists point out that thro ughout most of recorded history males have imposed patriarchal social systems in which they have dominated females. The goal of feminism, said early spokeswoman, was to change the nature of art itself, to transform the culture in sweeping and permanent ways by introducing into it heretofore suppressed perspective of women (Bronde). Feminism created a new theoretical position and a new aesthetic category-the position of female experience. Feminists felt that not only women artists, but women as an audience have been neglected for ages as well because audience responds to art with whose maker they share common beliefs or experience. By the early 1970s feminism has engendered a recognized art movement. Throughout Europe and United States feminists came together to organize women-only exhibitions and formed groups dedicated to consciousness raising, activism, and research. The first womens liberation movement group exhibition was held...

What You Need to Know About Changing Careers With Expert Norine Dagliano

What You Need to Know About Changing Careers With Expert Norine Dagliano If you’re looking for a job, you probably already know about Norine Dagliano. A coach and hiring expert who writes  on  ekm Inspirations, Norine shared with us some insight into how to find a job and use job boards to help. What are some common motivations you see among people changing careers?I’ve worked with thousands of career changers; some are motivated by ambition, others by circumstances.Divorce, death of a spouse, changes in health, company lay-offs, or other life circumstances â€Å"motivate† people to examine where they are and decide to pursue another path.On a more positive note, there are professionals who retire, but are not ready to quit working. They  want to step back from a high-power career to move into an area with fewer pressures or pursue an earlier dream that got pushed to the back-burner. Veterans leaving a career in the military find themselves asking, â€Å"Now what?†- many military occupations do not translate to the privat e sector, so clearly a career change is in order.Then there are those who are motivated by sheer ambition and a belief that anything is possible- these are the job seekers that embrace change and go after it with gusto. Some have decided to go back to school and pursue a degree in a new field. Others have never let go of their dreams to work for themselves and have the confidence and support- emotional and sometimes monetary- to proactively plan a change and chart a course to make it happen.What’s the future of the career? Will we stick to one job still, or is the future in multiple careers?The career ladder is no longer a reality, nor  is the notion that one will have one job and one employer until he or she retires. Careers no longer follow straight lines; instead, they zig and zag, stop and start, step back and then forward.Forecasters predict that the average 21-year-old entering the workforce will make three to five career changes before leaving the workforce. Factor i n the reality that dozens of new occupations are introduced each year, and it only stands to reason that what one is doing now may not even be around in a few years or may take on a whole new look. Employers who are not willing to embrace this new workforce and recognize that knowledge, skills, and abilities often outweigh experience will overlook valuable talent and, in turn, fail to thrive.

Strengths and Shortcomings of REBT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strengths and Shortcomings of REBT - Essay Example Human beings are dynamic beings and there does not seem to be a simple way they become emotionally disturbed, and there does not seem to be a simple way for them to be helped from feeling defeated (Ellis, n.d). The psychological issues which come up often arise from a client’s misperceptions, including his emotional underreactions or overreactions to unusual events or circumstances; and his dysfunctional patterns of behaviour also lead him towards repeating responses even if he knows he is behaving poorly (Ellis, n.d). The framework or model for the REBT is based on the ABC model where A=the activating event; B=the belief; and C=the consequent emotion which may include anxiety or depression (Philippe, 2010). The process may extend to include letters D and E which refer to disputing of irrational beliefs and effect (Stolear, n.d). REBT is based on the premise that our reactions are based on our unconscious interpretations and philosophies. We feel anxious or sad because we strongly believe that it is terrible for us to fail or be rejected (Ellis, n.d). We also feel hostile or angry towards other people because we believe that people behave unfairly towards us. For therapists in this field of practice, they often use the first few sessions with the client in order to place a finger on the main irrational philosophies which the client passionately adheres to. Afterwards, they attempt to show to the clients how these philosophies lead to emotional problems and inevitably, to clinical symptoms (Ellis, n.d). The goal of the therapist, in this case, is to uproot the client from such set philosophies and to try to replace them with more rational theories and hypotheses about themselves and the world around them; and eventually, to conceptualize how such rational theories can be used to understand the world and to de al with their issues (Ellis, n.d). There

(whatever you feel good) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

(whatever you feel good) - Essay Example However, since there is always a close relationship between the public and the celebrity therefore there arise a question always as to whether the personal lives of those celebrities revealed to the general public or not. Personal characteristics of celebrities also include their sexual orientation therefore question arise as to whether the celebrity’s sexual orientation should be revealed to the public and who should reveal it. As discussed above that celebrities being the most famous among the masses tend to have two different life styles where mostly their real and private life style is not revealed to the public in most of the cases. â€Å"Celebrities are asked all the time about their personal lives, including their romances, so it’s perfectly fair for the media to ask â€Å"the question† of public figures and then let the person have their say. If they choose a non-answer, like Foster, Cooper and the other glass closet occupants, then so be it. Report the answer and let people think (and say) what they may.† (Crain). This quote clearly defines how the media should be projecting the personal lives of the celebrities including their sexual orientation. However, the ethical practices of the profession are not very often practiced therefore there remains always a strong probability that media may not behave the way it should have. The issue of disclosing the sexual orientation of the celebrities needs to be viewed on two different counts. First whether the public at large is willing to know about this fact and secondly if yes how Media should report this fact? What should be the ethical parameters under which this fact can be revealed to the public? This question also need to be viewed within the social connotation of celebrities also as revealing sexual orientation of a celebrity in India might bring entirely different reaction as compared to

Types, Purpose and Historical Background of Bridges Research Paper

Types, Purpose and Historical Background of Bridges - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the building of the bridges could be traced back to the thirteenth century when the wooden logs and stones were used to cross the stream or river. In fact, the basic idea of the bridge has been bestowed by nature in form of simple logs fallen across a stream or river. The human mind gradually refined the idea and employed its creativity and architectural skills and capabilities to give this idea an enhanced and modified form. The human beings started building the bridges using the cut pieced of wooden logs and pranks. After which they started using the wooden stones to support the crossbeam arrangements. The use of trees and bamboo poles was also started by the Americans for crossing the small caverns and well that allowed them getting one place to another. The proper bridges were started building in the 13th century BC by the Greeks however, the ancient Romans gained proficiency in the building of the bridges by constructing various arc hes and aqueducts. During the Greek Bronze Age, an arch bridge was constructed between Tiryns to Epidauros in Peloponnese named Arkadiko Bridge. This old arch bridge still existed whereas several other intact arched stone bridges built during that era could be found in different locations in Southern Greece.  The Romans built numerous bridges that were constructed using the techniques to overcome the problems faced with the early bridges.  

Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome: A Case Study

Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome: A Case Study Dr. Shruti Bohra Dr Pratik B Kariya Dr Seema Bargale Abstract: Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) classically shows a triad of orofacial swelling, fissured tongue and facial palsy, more commonly the oligosymptomatic form. The orofacial swelling is characterized by fissured, reddish-brown, swollen, nonpruritic lips or firm edema of the face. The facial palsy is indistinguishable from Bells palsy. The least common feature is fissured tongue, although seen in one third to one half of patients but when present it assists in the diagnosis. The histologic finding of MRS includes noncaseating, sarcoidal granulomas, not invariably but their absence does not exclude the diagnosis. All these findings together provoke the careful search for provocative causes for the reactive symptom complex of the Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. Key words: Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. chelitis granulomatosa, facial palsy, fissured tongue. Introduction: Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome is considered to be a rare syndrome. Hornstein- estimated the incidence to be 0.08%.1MRS is a non-caseating granulomatous disease showing (complete or incomplete form) a triad of facial paralysis, orofacial oedema and fissured tongue (scrotal tongue, lingua plicata, or furrowed tongue). Orofacial swelling is the most consistent and dominant feature of the Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. In a review of 200 patients diagnosed with Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, it was the most frequent initial presenting sign.2Most commonly the lips are affected, with the swelling sometimes confined only to the lips. Cheilitis granulomatosa (or granulomatous cheilitis) is achronic inflammatory granulomatous swelling of the lip, which is referred as Miescher cheilitis which is generally regarded as a monosymptomatic form of the Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome.3 Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome usually presents in a monosymptomatic or oligosymptomatic form. Around 200 cases are re ported in a review of Zimmer et al2, we hereby report an additional case. Case report: A 16 year old female patient reported to dental OPD with the chief complaint of generalized gingival enlargement as well as swelling in upper and lower lip since 8-9 months. Patient was apparently alright 9 months back when she had an episode of fever which lasted for 8 days and subsided with medication taken from a local clinician. It was followed by episodes of remission exacerbation of gingival enlargement with swelling of upper lip with pus discharge and bleeding to touch since 8-9 months. Then patient was referred to the department of oral pathology for needful. On examination face was bilaterally asymetrical with swelling of face on right side. Both upper and lower lips were swollen (markedly swollen upper lip) (Fig: 1). On palpation the swelling had normal temperature, was not painful, and was nonpitting and rubbery in consistency. Face was flattened on left side. Mandible was deviating on right side on opening of mouth. On intraoral examination generalized gingival enlargement was noticed which was covering cervical 1/3rd of almost all the teeth present in the oral cavity (Fig: 2). Teeth preset were incisors to second molars in all four quadrants. The tongue had deep grooves and fissures. A long prominent central groove was evident on the dorsum of the tongue going in a straight line with numerous small grooves and fissures running laterally from the middle third of the tongue (Fig: 3). An initial diagnosis of angioedema was made. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride, 100 mg, was administered intramuscularly followed by a course of diphenhydramine hydrochloride, 50 mg orally, four times a day. After 24 hours no noticeable reduction in facial swelling was evident. Therefore, re-evaluation of the diagnosis was necessary. As a result of this history, recurrent cheilitis granulomatosa consistent with Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) was added to the differential diagnosis. A biopsy specimen of the affected lip area was sent for histopathologic examination, confirming the final diagnosis of MRS. On histopathological examination the mucosa consisted of parakeratinized, hyperplastic, stratified squamous epithelium overlying collagenous connective tissue. Within the connective tissue there were discrete aggregations of lymphocytes, generally with a perivascular distribution; however, some bad central foci of histiocytes consistent with granulomatous lesions. The histologic findings were consistent with cheilitis granulomatosa. (Fig: 4) Treatment consisted of application of lip gloss to prevent cracking of the exposed mucosa. No further treatment was deemed necessary except continuation of his regular biannual preventive recall appointments. Discussion: Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) classically shows a triad of orofacial swelling, fissured tongue and facial palsy. Oligosymptomatic form of this syndrome is more common one of the example is Miescher cheilitis.3Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome may often go undiagnosed for some day as in present case. History states that Rossolino in 1901 was the first to describe a particular association of oedema of the face, facial nerve palsy and scrotal tongue, the syndrome was named after Melkersson and Rosenthal.4 In 1928, Ernst Melkersson, a Swedish physician, described a 35-year-old woman with facial edema and paralysis. Shortly after, in 1931, Curt Rosenthal, a German neurologist, described 3 patients who had fissured or plicated tongues in addition to orofacial swelling and facial palsies and proposed a link between the triad of symptoms. Subsequently, the triad of clinical findings came to be known as the Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. Although MRS is reported as commonly found during the second to fourth decades of life, there are many published reports of MRS in children and preadolescents, Roseman et al 7 described a case of MRS in a 7-year-old girl, Cohen et al 8 described four cases of MRS in children younger than the age of 11 years, and Yuzuk et al 9 described the case of a 13-year-old girl who presented with the oligosymptomatic form orlabial edema coupled with fissured tongue. Melkersson Rosenthal syndrome does not appear to have an obvious predilection for either sex, although Some claim that it is slightly more common in females. 6,7,8 No particular racial predilection has been noted in MRS. Etiology of this disease remains largely unknown. 10 In granulomatous cheilitis normal lip architecture is altered by presence oflymphoedemaand noncaseating granulomas in the lamina propria.TH1 immunocytes produceinterleukin12 and RANTES/MIP-1alpha and granulomas.Expressionof protease-activatedreceptor1 and 2 occurs in orofacial granulomatosis (OFG).HLA typingmay show HLA-A2 or HLA-A11.11 Pathogenesis of MRS was suggested by Hornstien.1 He suggested that abnormal regulation of the autonomic nervous system leads to excessive permeability of the facial cutaneous vessels. From this abnormal circulation, nonspecific antigens then stimulate the perivascular cells to form granulomas. Obstruction of perivascular vessels by granuloma has been proposed as a causative factor in the swelling. 1 Initially, a patient with MRS usually complains of painless facial swelling that has persisted for a long time. Further investigation may reveal a history of previous episodes of swelling associated with facial paralysis or fissured tongue that the patient has never connected. The most common symptom of MRS is recurring orofacial swelling in which the upper lip is more often affected. Other areas affected by orofacial swelling in MRS in order of frequency, are cheek, nose, eyelid, alveolar process, and chin.2,12 Zimmer et al 2 reported orofacial manifestations in 42 patients with MRS who were examined at their clinic: they also reviewed 220 cases reported in the literature between 1965 and 1990. They found that 82% of patients presented with labial swelling, 40% had swelling in other parts of the face, not including the lip, 24% had Bells palsy, and 59% had fissured tongue. Other areas of intraoral swelling were, in order of frequency, the gingiva ( 11 % ), buccal mucosa ( 16% ) palate (8%). and tongue (7%). The swelling of the face and lip is described as recurrent, nontender, nonpitting, and firm, but not of hard consistency. The orofacial swelling is usually sudden and, in most cases, precedes facial paralysis by weeks, months, and even years. 2, 5, 6. First episodeof edema sometimes accompanied by fever and mild constitutional symptoms (as seen in present case e.g. headache, visual disturbance) usually subsides completely in hours or days. Recurrences can range from days to years, each recurrent episode lasts longer and is more pronounced, and swelling may ultimately become permanent. 2,5,6 The facial paralysis associated with MRS is frequently indistinguishable from Bells palsy. The site affected by paralysis usually corresponds to the site of swelling. As in the present case with facial swelling, the paralysis is on right side. Each recurring episode is more profound and lasts longer. 6,13,14 Other neurologic presentations associated with MRS are altered taste, migraine headaches, and trigeminal neuralgia.2,5,6,13,15 Fissured tongue ( eg. lingual plicata) is usually found at birth and therefore considered an incidental finding of MRS. Nevertheless, fissured tongue is ten times more likely to be found among individuals diagnosed with MRS than in the general population. 2, 6, 15. Miyashita et al 16 described MRS in a 56-year-old woman, who was afflicted with cheilitis granulomatosa caused by lingual candidiasis of a fissured tongue. The edematous lesion, on histopathologic investigation, is a noncaseating epithelial cell granuloma with perivascular mononucleated lymphocytic infiltrate. Fibrosis of the granulomas is typical in long-term and recurrent lesions. 1,2,17 Differential diagnosis includes Crohn’s disease, sarcoidosis, Aschers syndrome, and allergic angioedema, leprosy, tuberculosis.1,5,15,17,18,19 In Lab studies Serum angiotensin-converting enzymetestmay be performed to help exclude sarcoidosis.Reactions to metals, food additives, or other oral antigens are excluded by using Patch tests which may be associated with some cases of granulomatous. 20 If found positive they are advised to avoid the allergen. Imaging studies like gastrointestinaltractendoscopy, radiography, and biopsy may be used to differentiate from Crohn disease. Chest radiography or gallium orpositron emission tomography(PET) scanning may be found helpful in excluding sarcoidosis and tuberculosis. Orthopentamogram (OPG) helps in ruling out presence of a chronic dental abscess. A final diagnosis of MRS is made from the clinical history and histopathologic assessment of the edematous tissue, which usually includes the lip. When biopsy of the edematous tissue is difficult or not warranted, then a history of recurrent idiopathic facial swelling associated with atleast one of the following two entities, idiopathic facial paralysis (ie. Bells palsy) or fissured tongue, is sufficient to make a positive diagnosis of MRS. Treatment of MRS is aimed at the facial swelling and the paralysis. Because the etiology and pathogenesis of MRS are not well understood, treatment continues to be empirical and, in most cases, unsuccessful. Fortunately, both the swelling and the paralysis are selflimiting and usually go into remission on their own. Treatment with oral prednisone or nerve decompression has been shown to be effective.1,5,6 Treatment with oral prednisone or nerve decompression has been shown to be effective.5 Also, interlesional injections with triamcinolone hexacetonide suspension have been shown to provide temporary benefit.12 Plastic surgery may be considered in the case of permanent fibrotic lesions. Nevertheless, thorough documentation by many dentists eventually allowed MRS to be included in the differential diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of good history taking, regular follow-up and thorough documentation for proper patient management. References: HornsteinOP. Melkersson-Rosenthul syndrome: A neuromucocutaneus disease of complex origin. Curr ProbI Dermatoi 1973 ;5:117-156. Zimmer WM, Rogers RS. Reeve CM, Sheridan PJ. Orofacial manifestations of MeIkersson-Rosenthal syndiume: A study uf 41patients and review of 22tn cases from the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral PiU ho I IW:;74:61O-6I9. Rogers RS 3rd: Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome and orofacial granulomatosis, Dermatol Clin.1996 Apr;14(2):371-9 Magid El Shennawy and Galala El Enany: Melkersson-Rosenthalsyndrome; Review of theliteratureand report of acase, The Journal of Laryngology Otology Volume87 / Issue09 /September 1973, pp 898-902 Green RM. Rogers RS, Melkersson-Rosentlial syndrome: A review of 36 patients. J Am Acad Dermatoi 1989:21:1263-1270. Orlando MR, Atkjns JS Jr. Melkersaon-Rosenthal syndrome. Arch Otolaryngol Mead Neck Surg I99O;116:728-729. Roseman B, Fryns JP, Van den Bergle C Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome in a 7-year-old girl. Pediatrics 197S;61:490-491. Cohen HA. Cohen Z, Ashkenasi A, Straussberg R. Frydman M, Kauschansky A, Varsano 1. Melkersson-Rosen thai syndrome. Cutis 1994:54:327-32S. Yuzuk S, Trau H, Levy A. Shewaeh-Millet M. Melkersson- Rosenthal syndrome. Int J Dermatoi i9SS:24;456-457. Tilakaratne WM, Freysdottir J, Fortune F. Orofacial granulomatosis: review on aetiology and pathogenesis.J Oral Pathol Med. Apr 2008;37(4):191-5. Ketabchi S, Massi D, Ficarra G, et al. Expression of protease -activated receptor-1 and -2 in orofacial granulomatosis.Oral Dis. Jul 2007;13(4):419-25. Miele FA Jr. Tlie big lip. Diagnostic and treatment considerations. Gen Dent 1994;42O.i8-:59. Graff-Badlord SB. Melkersson-Rosen thai syndrome, A review of the literature and a case report. South Afr Med J 1981:60:71-74, Balatiieh AB. Pillai KG, Maiisour M. Ai-Khail AA. An unusual case of the Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1995:80:289-292. Winnie R, DeLuke DM. Mel kersson-Rosenthal syndrome: Review of literature and case report. Int J Oral Ma.illofac Surg 199;;; 1:115-117 Miyashita M, Baba S, Suzuki H. Role recurrent oral caniiidiasis associated with lingua plicata in Me I kersson-Rosen thai syndrome. BrJ Dermatol 199Ã ®:l.l2:.ll 1-312. Minor MW Fo^ RW, Bukant; SC, Lockey RF. Melkersson- Rosenthal sjndrome. J .Miergy Clin Immunol l9a7;S0:64-67. Kano Y, Shiohara T. Yagita A, Nagashima M. Association between cheilitis granulomatosa and Crohns disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993:281:801. Lloyd DA, Payton KB, Guenter L, Frydman W. Melliersson-Rosenlhal syndrome and Crohns disease: One disease or two? Report of a case and discussion ofthe literature. J Clin Gastroenterol I994;18:213-2I8. Fitzpatrick L, Healy CM, McCartan BE, Flint SR, McCreary CE, Rogers S. Patch testing for food-associated allergies in orofacial granulomatosis.J Oral Pathol Med. Jan 2011;40(1):10-3. Figure legends: Figure no 1) extraoral photograph showing swollen upper and lower lips. Figure no 2) intraoral photograph showing generalized gingival enlargement Figure no 3) intraoral photograph showing deep grooves on dorsal surface of tongue Figure no 4) photograph showing histological presentation of chilitis glanduralis at low power (10X) and high power (40X) Learning ponts Concomitant presence of orofacial swelling, fissured tongue and facial palsy or any one of them may be a case of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS). A final diagnosis of MRS is made from the clinical history and histopathologic assessment of the edematous tissue. Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome may recur intermittently and can become a chronic disorder. Gold: History, Properties and Nanoscale Analysis Gold: History, Properties and Nanoscale Analysis Since first extracted in the 5th century, Gold has been regarded as one of the most important matters in the world. When divided into smaller fragment sizes, way below 100nm it becomes even more ‘precious’. The optical, catalytical and electronic properties of Gold nanoparticles differ greatly from those of their bulk counterparts. This is mainly due to the large surface area-to-volume ratio as well as the spatial confinement of the free electrons of Gold nanocyrstals. Gold at Bulk scale Noble metals such as Gold, silver and platinum exhibit plasmonic properties. When the surface of a noble metal is hit with incident light, electrons which are situated on the surface begin to oscillate. This is known as the surface plasmonic resonance (SPR), as illustrated in figured 1. Metals are able to absorb and reflect light with great efficiency to their SPR. It is because of these plasmonic properties that noble metals such as Gold, silver and platinum are widely used in jewellery. Moreover being highly reflective metals makes them very appealing to the eye. Plasmonic properties arise due to noble metals having delocalised electrons on the surface. An atom consists of protons, electrons and neutrons. The nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons and the electrons spin around the nucleus in different orbitals. There are many orbitals in metals which overlap and form metallic bonding between the atoms. In the bulk form, there are many delocalised electrons within the metal that cause metallic bonding. This in turn allows the electrons to flow freely between the nuclei. Good electrical and thermal conductivity is due to the delocalised electrons Gold at Nanoscale Reflection does not occur in particles which are smaller than the wavelength of the incident light; however there is still an interaction between the nanoparticles and the light. The two main interactions are light scattering and light absorption. Electrons tend to oscillate at the same frequency as the light which was absorbed causing a dipole moment around the nanoparticles where all the electrons on the surface of the nanoparticle are oscillating. The oscillating dipole is known as a localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Electromagnetic radiation is released when these electrons are oscillated. This can be seen in figure 2. The secondary electromagnetic radiation released by the nanoparticles is called scattered light. The electromagnetic radiation that is released has the same frequency History The synthesis of colloidal gold, or nanogold as it is now called, has been known to man since the ancient times. Although the process was not fully understood, synthesis of colloidal gold was crucial to the 4th century Lycurgus cup. The Lycurgus cup was known to change colour depending on the direction of light. Later it was used as a method for staining glass. A potion made from gold, which was also known as an Elixir of Life was discussed, and may also have been manufactured, in ancient times. It was not until the 16th century that the alchemist Paracelsus, claimed that he had created a potion called Aurum Potabile. (latin: potable gold). It was in the 17th century that the glass-colouring process was refined byAndreus CassiusandJohann Kunckel, allowing them to produce a deep-ruby coloured form of glass. However modern scientific evaluation was first made by Michael Faraday in the 1850s. Faraday is said to have been inspired by previous work done by Paracelsus. In 1857 Faraday prepared the first pure sample of colloidal gold, which he called activated gold, in 1857. Phosphorus was used to reduce a solution of Gold chloride. For a very long time chemists were unclear about the composition of the Cassius ruby-gold. Several chemists suspected Cassius ruby-gold to be a gold tin compound due to its preparation, However it was Faraday who was the first to recognize that the colour was actually due to the minute size of the gold particles The first colloidal gold in solution was first prepared in 1898 by Richard A. Zsigmondy. Shape and size tuning Fine tuning of shape and size in a controlled environment is one of greatest challenges faced by material scientists. These factors are not only very important in the rational design of nanomaterials, but are also equally as important for their applications. This is because many of their catalytical, optical and electronic properties of nanomaterials depend greatly on their size and shape. In Gold nanorods the longitudinal plasmon wavelength exhibits a nearly linear dependence on their aspect ratio, making it one of the most intriguing properties possessed by Gold nanorods. Moreover, even when looking at Gold nanorods with the same aspect ratio, the plasmon resonance properties are strongly dependent on the shape of their head. Over the past five years, the ability to finely tune the shape and size of Gold nanorods, has made huge progress. Seed mediated growth Gold nanospheres Changing the diameter of the sphere can easily and effectively tune the optical properties of gold nanospheres. This can easily be shown using the Mie Theory, which has been successfully shown to model the light scattering and absorption properties of spherical particles on a nanometer scale. The intense peak in the spectrum for each particle can be seen in figure 9. This peak is caused by the oscillating electrons which in turn produce a single dipole. Increasing the diameter of the gold nanosphere results in shifting the peak to a higher wavelength, this indicates the interaction between the light and particles is changing. In comparison to bulk gold (figure 4), the optical properties of gold nanospheres differ immensely. The local medium can also change the optical properties of the particles. This is due to the LSPR of the particle interacting with the medium. A change in the medium can result in a measurable change in the optical properties of the particles. In addition shape of the gold nanoparticles can significantly alter the optical properties. Gold nanorods Gold nanorods are of great interest due to their biocompatibility and NIR ( near infra-red) optical properties. The shape of the gold nanorod is what determines its NIR properties. The non-spherical shape of the particle causes two different dipoles to form when interacting with light. The transverse dipole (diameter) and the longitudinal dipole (length) account for the oscillating electrons throughout the particle. The dipole interactions affect the optical properties of the particles. GNR LSP illustration Optical properties of GNRs The aspect ratio (A.R) is defined as the length over the diameter of the Gold nanorod (GNR). The shape of the particle causes the absorption and light scattering spectrum to have two peaks: longitudinal and transverse. The interaction between these two dipoles causes the longitudinal peak to be observed in the visible to NIR region. The longitudinal peak is much more intense than the transverse peak and can be tuned by changing the aspect ratio of the gold nanorods. As the A.R of the gold nanorods is increased, the longitudinal peak shifts into the NIR region. The optical properties of GNRs have been successfully modelled using Gans theory and Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA). Two equations were derived using the two theories to output the longitudinal peak wavelength by inputting a given aspect ratio. GANS THEORY DDA The two equations can predict the A.R of GNRs using absorption data collected from the UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. The equations can give preliminary estimation of the A.R before observing the particles on a TEM. Figure 11 displays the absorption data, estimated A.R from theory, and a visual representation for a set of GNRs with different aspect ratios. The tunable optical properties of the GNRs make them very desirable for a wide range of applications. The visible representation shows a colour shift as the A.R changes. Visual representation of different shapes and sizes of GNRs Normalised absorption of the particles

Mexico City Policy :: essays research papers fc

On August 16, 1984 an international conference regarding population was held in Mexico City. It was at this conference that the Reagan Administration implemented the â€Å"Mexico City Policy†, also known and the Global Gag Rule. This policy stated that Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) would be prohibited from receiving United States funds if they performed, promoted, referred or counseled patients on abortion. The funds would be withheld from the NGOs even if the money used for abortion services were non-U.S. funds. This policy was in effect from 1984-1993 when president Bill Clinton came into office. On January 22, 2001 president George Bush reinstated the Mexico City Policy. There has been much debate over whether the policy is helping or hurting those abroad. Many people in the United States are not aware that the Mexico City Policy is in effect, or even what it is. It is very important that people here are aware of how the government is controlling health care and wo men’s rights in other countries. â€Å"It is my conviction that taxpayer funds should not be used to pay for abortions or advocate or actively promote abortion either here or abroad,† Bush stated in his memorandum to reinstate the Mexico City Policy. However, the policy does not state that funds will be withheld if the US taxpayer’s money is used; it states that monies will be withheld if abortion services are offered at all, even if it is not US money. Douglas Johnson the legislative director for the National Right to Life Committee states, the â€Å"government will no longer..try to legalize abortion in countries in Latin America, Africa, and Muslim countries in which people are strongly opposed to abortion and believe in the protection of unborn children.† What Johnson fails to recognize is that in countries where abortion is legal women’s rights are being compromised. U.S. Representative Christopher H. Smith expresses his feelings in his article â€Å"A Congressional View: The Unborn Must be Protected† (Global Issues Electronic Journal) by stating, â€Å"Abortion is child abuse.† Smith also comments that when the policy was previously in effect it had no affect on the family planning money received by NGO’s. It may not have affected the money received but it did affect women who were denied the option of abortion services. On January 22, 2003 president Bill Clinton rescinded the Mexico City Policy stating that it â€Å"undermined efforts to promote safe and efficacious family planning in foreign nations.

Knowledge without Character

Taking a more inclusive view of the biblically-based Seven Deadly Sins, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (i.e. Mahatma Gandhi) wrote his version: the Seven Deadly Social Sins.   One of the sins he warns of is â€Å"Knowledge without Character,† and to understand why he presents this combination as a potential sin, one must look at what Gandhi thought of education (Hansen). Of education, Gandhi said, The ancient aphorism â€Å"Education is that which liberates,† is as true as it was before.   [. . . .]   Knowledge includes all training that is useful for the service of mankind and liberation means freedom of all manner of servitude [. . . – . . .] slavery [and] domination from outside and to one's own artificial needs.   The knowledge acquired in the pursuit of this ideal alone contributes [to] true study.   (â€Å"Gandhi & Education†) A simple interpretation of this statement requires that those who are currently pursuing a higher  education in a collegiate setting need to analyze their reasons for doing so, and if they find that  the potential to earn a greater income is the primary drive, they are headed down a path of social  sin.   Students need to consider the bigger picture: what can their particular academic interests do  to make the world a better place?   Can the lessons learned in an economics class be applied to  that student’s participation in local government; to a solution to nation-wide obliteration of  homelessness; to increasing the wealth of the entire world so that no human being is faced with  dying of hunger; or is that lesson merely a small step towards making more money for a private  enterprise? A grander interpretation of these words could be applied to the current desire to end terrorism.   Looking back to WWII, the scientific knowledge needed to create the atomic bomb was used without character.   Without taking sides or creating a political debate, the fact is that the United States of America dropped two atomic bombs on Japan, and no other country before or since has dropped an atomic bomb in an act of war (Burr). Moving back to today, it is the United States that is leading the fight against terrorism, and that fight began as an eradication of world-wide weapons of mass destruction—weapons that were made possible and whose force was proven by the same nation that is currently acting as the world’s watchdog.   Fortunately, the United States is getting a second chance: if we are able to combat terrorism and eliminate the threat of atomic weapons and their kin, it may be that the knowledge gained so long ago regarding the devastation of the atom bomb will be applied today with the necessary character by assuring all of humanity that such force will never again be unleashed. The reason that the Social Sin of â€Å"Knowledge without Character† is such a great threat to humanity is directly related to the degree of power that is inherent to the possession of knowledge.   Looking back at the plight of Frederick Douglass, a man born into slavery who taught himself to read and write so that he might better understand his captors and eventually escape his enslavement, it is clear that absent the knowledge of reading and writing, he never would have had the power to forge his papers and flee to the South (Douglass passim). Today, politicians, attorneys, the media, and others like them who generate the information used by society to stay informed must comprehend the responsibility of what they do.   The power they possess to control the knowledge that is dispersed into society demands that they have the character to present all sides of an issue and report only factual details—of course, as Gandhi predicted, the character flaws inherent in the average human being often precludes the knowledge being disseminated in a manner that is completely accurate and/or honorable. Consumers of this information must take it upon themselves to assess what they read and hear and are told with a critical eye, and when discrepancies are found, each observer must demand correction.   The knowledge needed to assess information critically is often honed in the arena of higher education, so individuals involved in academia have an opportunity to gain knowledge and apply that knowledge with strength of character. Patrick Bassett expresses the relationship between educators and Gandhi’s Seven Social Sins in this way, we must continually seek to discover opportunities to challenge our students and to have them challenge us on values issues.   We must continually seek to carve out time to address issues of the community.   We must continually keep the moral agenda before us. When our first and second curricula merge, we teach youngsters to avoid all of Gandhi's sins and perhaps a few of their own design.   (Bassett) As responsible individuals in a world that is partially in our hands, we must each consider the words of Gandhi and our connection to them.   It may be the role of the educator to plan actions, but it is the role of the student to take them.   If this were not the case, the words spoken by Gandhi would have fallen uselessly to the ground, never having been truly heard and incorporated into the lives of those who have both the necessary knowledge and character.Works CitedBassett, Patrick F.   â€Å"‘Do the Right Thing’: The Case for Moral Education.†Ã‚   NAIS Academic Forum.   Dec. 1995.   Independent Schools Association of the Central States. Burr, William.   Ed.   â€Å"The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II: A Collection of Primary Sources: National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 162.†Ã‚   The National Security Archive.   5 Aug.   2005.   27 Sept. 2006.   . Douglass, Frederick.   Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself.   New York: Dodo, 2005. â€Å"Gandhi & Education: Basic Education (Buniyadi Shiksha).†Ã‚   MKGandi.Org: The Complete Site on Mahatma Gandhi.   25 Sept. 2006. . Hansen, Paul.   â€Å"Biblical Justice Consultancy: Gandhi's Seven Deadly Social Sins – A Reflection.†Ã‚   Redemptorists of the Edmonton-Toronto Province.   2005.   27 Sept. 2006.   .