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Central Nervous system Metaphors Free Essays

This essay explores the concept of an organization style metaphorically as professed by Gareth Morgan in his book Images of Organizations (1989). This essay provides examples of how the responsibilities and functionality of upper management within a corporation serve similar functions as to how the brain functions within the Central Nervous system. First, one must understand exactly what a metaphor is in order to understand how Morgan (1989) comes to his conclusion. We will write a custom essay sample on Central Nervous system Metaphors or any similar topic only for you Order Now A metaphor is defined by Merriam-Webster dictionary as a figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally denoting one kind of object or idea is used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them (2009). Morgan (1989) discusses how the brain is a metaphor for a company’s organization structure and behavior. He considers the organization as the brain and draws attention to the importance of information, learning, and intelligence, and provides a framework for understanding modern organizations. This style of organization has the capacity to be flexible and inventive with a continuous improvement mindset. The brain stores and processes enormous amounts of information in its parts simultaneously thus the end result being able to speak and walk. To understand the brain like metaphor we have to understand that the brain is made of two hemispheres. It is understood that the left side of the brain is the more logical, analytical and rational side, much like the strategy and finance side of an organization whereas the right side is more creative and emotional much like the marketing and human resources departments of an organization. Like the brain, an organization has areas that concentrate on particular parts of the business; however, the organization as a whole must work together. Each department can work on its own as can be seen in artificial intelligence such as Rodney Brooks’ mobot (Morgan, 1989). The functions of an organization such as Marketing, Human Resources, Finance, Operations, and Information Technology have a series of processes which results in the function of whole organization. Each of these departments in an organization can be likened to a sensory input element to the executive â€Å"brain†. Marketing, for example, can serve as the â€Å"eyes† of the organization by providing input to the brain related to the business environment, supply and demand and other market elements important to the navigation capabilities of the organization. The Finance department acts as the â€Å"skin† by providing information about the financial atmosphere and environment of the corporate body. The Finance department â€Å"skin† can tell the corporate brain whether conditions are financially cool, or hot. Also, the †skin† can indicate whether the organization is acting in a manner that produces â€Å"pain† in terms of financial difficulties. Operations acts as the ears of an organization, providing information about the â€Å"balance† of the entire organization and allowing the brain of the leadership to issue the appropriate instructions to the organization to keep it moving without collapse. Human Resources acts as a taste mechanism for the organizational body, giving the brain an idea of the building blocks (personnel) that are being introduced to the organizational body. The IT department can be likened to the central nervous system. It is this department that maintains the flow of information to and from the â€Å"brain† of the organization. The metaphor of the organization as a body with the corporate officers as the brain can be further understood with respect to what happens when there are breakdowns in any one of the parts composing the organizational body. Failure of the Human Resource department, for example, can lead to the ingestion of organizational poison: workers who are not qualified for the jobs they are assigned. If the â€Å"skin† of finance fails, the infection of debt may set in, causing necrosis to various parts of the organizational body. It is possible that such a result could result in a systemic infection that could kill the entire organization. The Operations department should malfunction; the entire organization could lose its balance and fall, destroying the organizational â€Å"brain†. Perhaps most significantly, the failure of IT to properly move information between the â€Å"brain† and the other appendages of the organization, the result is paralysis, as the messages the executive send get lost or misinterpreted. The organization-as-brain-and-body metaphor goes a long way toward explaining the interconnectivity of various aspects of organizations. All the component parts contribute information to the executive â€Å"brain† which can react quickly and guide the organization toward action that will make the most effective use of the information. The failure of any one of the component parts of the organizational body represents a hazard that threatens the organization as a whole, and the brain in particular. â€Å"Metaphor. † Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2009. Merriam-Webster Online. 17 April 2009 http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/metaphor How to cite Central Nervous system Metaphors, Papers

Company Law for Structure - Policy and Practice- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCompany Law for Structure, Policy and Practice. Answer: Background One.Tel was an Australia based GSM service provider meaning it functioned mainly in the telecom sector and eventually grew to become Australias fourth largest telecom service provider before being shrouded in controversy which lead to its eventual downfall. Jodee Rich and other executive directors of the company faced accusations of not discharging their duties as directors effectively with respect to the duty of care they had towards the best interests of the company. This duty is mandated by Section 180 of the Corporations Act, 2001 as well as principles of common law. Application Corporations functioning within the jurisdiction of the Australian Commonwealth are governed and regulated by the provisions of the Corporations Act, 2001. Common law principles developed through judicial pronouncements are also applicable (Stout and Blair 2017). Section 180 (1) of the Corporations Act, 2001 lays down the statutory duty of care and diligence (Peden 2017). This provision states that when discharging ones duties as the director of a corporate entity one must observe a certain degree of care and diligence to ensure that they are acting in the best interests of the company. Section 180 (2) of the act lays down the business judgment rule which states that the provisions of Section 180 (1) would be deemed to have been met when acting on behalf of the company if (Bottomley 2016): The judgment is made in good faith; If the business judgment is free from any personal self interest; If the directors have understood and researched the subject matter to the extent that is reasonably possible; If the directors reasonably believe the act would be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, Section 180 (3) states that a business judgment is a decision to act or refrain from acting taken by the administration of the company (Hiller 2013). This applies only in business decisions that a materially relevant to the operations of the corporation. ASICs accusation was that the directors had failed to observe their duties under Section 180 (1) of the act by not sufficiently informing the board of One.Tel about the accurate financial stand of the company (Morley 2016). The Judge when delivering the judgment observed that ASIC had failed to establish their cause of action, exaggerated their claims and quoted pieces of evidence out of context in order to establish their claims (Harris 2013). The idea of not informing the board of the accurate financial position of the company was a business judgment which had to made by the directors in a situation where the failing financial position of the company would cause alarm and would give rise to reckless administrative measures taken by the board. This decision was made in good faith and cannot be conspicuously construed to have self-interests veiled in them. Further, the executive directors made an informed decision to refrain from passing this information to the board and they did believe that this would be in the best interests of the company as disclosure would have brought an end to the companys existence much before the actual downfall. Thus this judgment met all the requisites prescribed under the provisions of Section 180 (2) of the Corporations Act, 2001 (Rawhouser, Cummings and Crane 2015). This case was the first to comprehensively lay down the business judgment defense and apply it to the facts and circumstances of a case. This defense would negate the apparent breach of the duties of the directors as prescribed by the statute and under common law. Conclusion To conclude when the directors of a corporation are in breach of their duties under common law and the provisions of Section 180 (1) of the Corporations Act, 2001 the business judgment defense can be cited (Hanrahan, Ramsay and Stapledon 2013). If the acts of the directors fall within the ambit of the circumstances defined under the subsections to Section 181 (2) of the act. This would thus absolve them of all charges relating to the breach of duty of care. Thus in this case Jodee Rich and the other executive directors had not failed to observe their statutory and common law duties as prescribed for directors of a corporation. They had thus acted reasonably and prudently when they decided not cause alarm within the organizational structure by revealing the companys true financial position. Moreover, had Packer and Murdoch not removed the financial assistance given to the company One.Tel would have sailed through the financial difficulties through investment funds till they started to generate positive revenue figures. This adequately establishes the reasonableness behind the decision taken by the executive directors to not inform the board of the alarming financial condition as it can be inferred that it was presumed that the company would survive. Thus the ASICs allegations of the directors being in breach of their duty of care in acting on behalf of the company cannot be successfully substantiated on the basis that they refrained from informing the board as this omission was a reasonable business judgment and this would absolve them of all responsibilities arising out of such an act. Reference list Bottomley, S., 2016.The constitutional corporation: Rethinking corporate governance. Routledge. Hanrahan, P.F., Ramsay, I. and Stapledon, G.P., 2013. Commercial applications of company law. Harris, P., 2013.Corporate tax law: Structure, policy and practice. Cambridge University Press. Hiller, J.S., 2013. The benefit corporation and corporate social responsibility.Journal of Business Ethics,118(2), pp.287-301. Morley, J., 2016. The Common Law Corporation: The Power of the Trust in Anglo-American Business History.Columbia Law Review, pp.2145-2197. Peden, E., 2017. Civil and criminal liability of directors and officers of sporting clubs.Commercial Law Quarterly: The Journal of the Commercial Law Association of Australia,31(1), p.12. Rawhouser, H., Cummings, M. and Crane, A., 2015. Benefit corporation legislation and the emergence of a social hybrid category.California Management Review,57(3), pp.13-35. Stout, L.A. and Blair, M.M., 2017. A team production theory of corporate law. InCorporate Governance(pp. 169-250). Gower.

Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone Antigones Essay Example For Students

Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone Antigones Essay The Tragic Hero in Antigone Antigone is a Greek tragic piece that stresses the use of power and morality versus the law written by Sophocles. Both Antigone and Creon, the main characters in the play, could represent the tragic hero. A tragic hero is a character who is known for being dignified and has a flaw that assists to his or her downfall. In my opinion, Creon best qualifies for being the tragic hero and fitting the definition read in the previous sentence. The things he said, did, and the comments that were made by those around him show how a man with everything could lose it all due to his own behavior. We will write a custom essay on Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone Antigones specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now To open, the things he said showed how he changed and became the tragic hero of the play. Many of his statements reveal his personality including his admirable parts and his flaws. When Creon says: I call to God to witness that if I saw my country headed for ruin, I should not be afraid to speak out plainly, (Sophocles, scene 1,24-26), it shows his strong sense of nationalism and leadership which catches up with him in the end. The inflexible heart breaks first, the toughest iron cracks first, and the wildest horses bend their necks at the pull of the smallest curb (scene 2,76-79) is what Creon says to Antigone after finding out she is the one who buried Polynieces. He thinks that if Antigone wasnt so headstrong and arrogant then she could have avoided the consequence he was about to give her. I think Creon was being a hypocrite because he is just as stubborn as she is. The reason why Creon and Antigone come in to so much conflict is because their ways of thinking are almost exactly alike. It is hard to deny the heart! But I will do it: I will not fight with destiny (scene 5, 100), is a statement that shows Creon detecting his fault and how he needs to correct it. After talking to Teiresias, the blind prophet, he realizes in order for the higher powers to forgive him he needs to release Antigone. Fate has brought all my pride to a thought of dust (exodos, 138). Creon recognizes his flaw and its consequences but it is too late because fate has already occurred. Moreover, many people say that actions speak louder than words. In scene 2 line 164, Creon orders the guards to take Antigone and Ismene away. Not caring for his sons, Antigones fianc, feelings, he still insists that they be taken away and guarded well. Creon feels the law should stand despite if the person is family and or innocent, or how moral the act was. Bring her Antigone out! Let her die before his eyes (scene 3, 130). Creon was willing to be the cause of sons ruin just to prove that he is the king, the father, and always right. I will go. .. I buried her; I will set her free (scene 5, 102,104). Creon finally comes to a just state of mind and does what is ethically right. Unfortunately, he came to his conclusion too late, for Antigone had already hanged herself. Last, the comments made by other characters show how Creon is a tragic hero. Because they bend, even twigs are safe, while stubborn trees are torn (scene 3, 79-80). Haeman said the same thing to Creon that Creon said to Antigone. Haeman points that Creon needs to stop being narrow-minded and stubborn, and listen for a change. Not far off when you shall pay back corpse for corpse (scene 5, 72-73). Teiresias warns Creon that his ways will cause him destruction and he should do something about it now. Creon was happy once. .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 , .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 .postImageUrl , .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 , .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6:hover , .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6:visited , .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6:active { border:0!important; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6:active , .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6 .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0613a8dfa7594588e1e5fc94264d81d6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Conductor Investigation Experiment Lab-Report Essay.. and now it has all gone from him (exodos, 7 and 10). The Messenger indicates the time of Creons downfall. In summary, Creon is the tragic hero in Antigone. He started off being the noble king who had everything until a young woman did what she believed in and tested him. He let his pride get in the way of what was important and caused his own destruction losing almost everyone in his .

Nordstroms Success

Nordstroms Success Retailing is one of the foundational drivers of global market growth. Retailing encompasses a set of activities related to the act of selling goods and services to consumers. Retailers serve billions of consumers on a daily basis. Nordstrom is one of the leaders of the U.S. fashion and apparel market.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Nordstrom’s Success specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company uses fixed stores and online catalogues to meet the needs of customers. Nordstrom is a full-service specialty store and electronic retailer, which relies on personnel and presentation aspects of the retailing marketing mix and has everything to meet the rising demands of fashion customers. Nordstrom: The Power of Service Nordstrom, Inc. is an exclusive provider of quality fashion products, which include shoes and apparel, jewelry and cosmetics, accessories and fragrances for men, women, and children (Nordstrom, 2 011). The company runs 225 stores in 25 states all over the United States (Nordstrom, 2011). Nordstrom tries to catch up with the changes in consumer behaviors and expectations – online stores and catalogues expand the company’s market presence (Nordstrom, 2011). Nordstrom is well-known for its commitment to social responsibility and positions itself as a company where people want to work (Nordstrom, 2011). Nordstrom: A Specialty Store Nordstrom uniquely combines the features of specialty store and e-retailing. Nordstrom also runs a set of department stores in the United States. Specialty store is both a type of store and a mode of retailing (Lamb, Hair McDaniel, 2011). It is interesting to note, that customers in specialty stores are relatively price-insensitive. For this reason the company does not apply to price promotions and discounts but uses superior service and customer relationships to popularize its products and brand. Nordstrom further expands its market pr esence through Internet stores. Consumers find this mode of shopping extremely convenient and fast (Lamb et al., 2011). The use of online retailing opportunities means that the company tries to meet customer needs by all possible means. A wide range of related services adds to the quality and popularity of Nordstrom products. For example, Nordstrom stylists help consumers to develop and maintain a sense of fashion (Nordstrom, 2011).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Value of Full-Service Retailers Nordstrom can be classified as a full-service specialty store provider of quality fashion products. Generally, all retailers are classified by the level of service, from full service to self-service (Lamb et al., 2011). An exclusive provider, Nordstrom tends to offer high levels of service (Lamb et al., 2011). However, not all fashion stores are full service. Many specialty and department stores operate at the opposite end of the level of service continuum. Warehouse and discount stores offer low-price products. For example, Payless Shoe Source is a self-service retail facility, which maintains low prices and seeks to reduce overhead costs by all possible means (Funding Universe, 2010). These self-service retailers rely on the price aspect of the retailing mix, and do not provide their customers with a full range of quality services. The Retailing Mix – Personnel and Presentation The retailing mix incorporates the four P’s of the market mix (product, price, place, promotion), followed by presentation and personnel (Lamb et al., 2011). Nordstrom provides a variety of product options to satisfy different customers. Nordstrom’s prices are never low. The company places a special emphasis on the physical location of its stores and, simultaneously, promotes its brand through magazines for middle- and higher-income customers (Cl ifford, 2010). Presentation and personnel are the main factors of Nordstrom’s business success. Nordstrom does not use traditional price promotions and discounts but relies on regular pricing and integrity. Nordstrom offers â€Å"seamless† shopping experiences, meaning that all sales channels operate as a single system; for example, customers who make purchases online can easily exchange their products in fixed specialty and department stores. Perfect relations with customers and generous exchange policies strengthen the company’s market position. Nordstrom’s personnel have skills, knowledge, and ability to give their customers undivided attention. Yet, Nordstrom’s market position is not without difficulties.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Nordstrom’s Success specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Primary Challenges and Changing Consumer Demands Nordstrom is faced with a num ber of challenges. Basically, the company must learn to balance its fixed store needs with the growing importance of online retailing. Nordstrom must learn to expand its online presence without losing its ‘personal touch’. Understanding customer reactions to online retailing is crucial for the company’s success (Burt Sparks, 2003). Furthermore, consumer expectations are rising, and more players are entering the market. Burt and Sparks (2003) write that â€Å"existing retail floor space will need enhancement in quality and presentation if it is to continue to provide retail functions† (p.275), as these improvements will enhance the company’s efficiency and strengthen its market position. Postmodern customers appreciate companies, products, and services that make their lives easier. Customers display low tolerance for poor quality of services and products. Consumer lifestyles are growing diverse, and Nordstrom must learn to meet a bewildering variety of consumer interests and choices (Jones and Simmons, 2009). Finally, customers want to get the fullest range of services in one place. Nordstrom, with its eternal reliance on customer relationships, personalization, and customer-focused retailing solutions, has everything to meet the rising demands of fashion customers. Conclusion Nordstrom is one of the leaders of the U.S. fashion market. Nordstrom is a full-service specialty store and electronic retailer, which relies on personnel and presentation aspects of the retailing marketing mix and has everything to meet the rising demands of fashion customers. Personnel and presentation are at the heart of the company’s business success, but Nordstrom must be able to balance its fixed store needs with the growing importance of online retailing. References Burt, S. Sparks, L. (2003). E-commerce and the retail process: A review. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 10, 275-286. Clifford, S. (2010). Nordstrom links online in ventory to real world. The New York Times. Web. Funding Universe. (2010). Payless ShoeSource, Inc. Funding Universe. Web.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Jones, K.G. Simmons, J.W. (2009). The retail environment. Taylor Francis. Lamb, C.W., Hair, J.F. McDaniel, C. (2011). Marketing. Boston: Cengage Learning. Nordstrom. (2011). About Nordstrom. Nordstrom. Web.

Le Dejeuner Sur L'herbe By Edouard Manet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Le Dejeuner Sur L'herbe By Edouard Manet - Essay Example In my opinion, the painting was addressing the gender polarities and the social and cultural context of the environment and life that were led by individuals in the era. Moreover, the painting reveals a suburb environment because it was the only the rich that were associated with the kind of lifestyle that was composed and lavished. However, the painting also credits a post paradigm of multiple meanings and subject positions that are present in the different societies found within the globe. The painting reveals the artist neutrality that many viewers interpret as his elusiveness, but acknowledges that indeed the painting appeals to the postmodern sensibilities present in this21st era that has been characterized by globalizations of economic, social and economic era .The painting also reveals theory of negotiated affairs of mutual favors between the four images displayed on the painting and reflects the â€Å"negotiated affair of mutual favors† present within the society. In a wider context an individual can view that that both the images on the painting revealed that the women were responsible for providing other favors like sexual favors to the men and they in return dressed like men of class would gain pleasure by paying dearly for the services that were being given to them. Religiously, the painting reveals to a larger extent the immorality that had engrossed the society because the nudity and posture of the painting is contrary to the teachings of the bible. Nudity was something left for only.... However, the painting also credits a post paradigm of multiple meanings and subject positions that are present in the different societies found within the globe. The painting reveals the artist neutrality that many viewers interpret as his elusiveness, but acknowledges that indeed the painting appeals to the postmodern sensibilities present in this21st era that has been characterized by globalizations of economic, social and economic era2. The painting also reveals theory of negotiated affairs of mutual favors between the four images displayed on the painting and reflects the â€Å"negotiated affair of mutual favors† present within the society. In a wider context an individual can view that that both the images on the painting revealed that the women were responsible for providing other favors like sexual favors to the men and they in return dressed like men of class would gain pleasure by paying dearly for the services that were being given to them. Religiously, the painting reveals to a larger extent the immorality that had engrossed the society because the nudity and posture of the painting is contrary to the teachings of the bible. Nudity was something left for only married couple and it was highly sacrilegious for a woman to show her nudity to individuals apart from their husbands. Socially, the painting symbolizes prostitution in the era because it was only prostitutes who could freely reveal their nudity to their clients as they were receiving material gains and other favors from them. However, when compared to other paintings made by other artist, audiences during the era did not see any negative or immoral aspect from the painting especially from the perspective of the catholic view because

Economics history Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economics history - Assignment Example She explains this revolution to be a ‘quit revolution’ which she asserts as a slow and gradual process which didn’t jump by the steps but gradually changed the norms of market economy as well as the social norms and concerns about position of women in economy. As she describes, this change has not been only a part of economical circle instead it has changed the social norms too. However, she mainly focuses on the requirement of elastic labour and availability of various positions that women can easily fulfil. Also, she goes back in history to explore the roots of this revolution in three evolutionary phases which she relates and manifests as the backdraft of revolutionary change. Although, the overall process seems more like a reform, Goldin asserts the final uplifts and change in women employment, education and family as revolutionary. There are number of reasons she sees behind this revolution but mainly the difference of treatment and returns in labour market. The overall change of patterns she sees in the three evolutionary phases which brought women in a position from where increased participation in labour market came to appear as obvious. The deepest root for revolution she find in first quarter of twentieth century where woman played important roles in some limited jobs and tasks. Although, those women were poorly educated and had a very low relative income, yet they became a part of labour market generating considerable returns. Also this phase consisted most number of single woman participating in labour market. Social stigma regarding married woman also paid much to limiting the number of married women in labour market. Goldin explains this period to be the first evolutionary phase: Substantial social stigma regarding the work of wives outside the home existed due in large measure to the nature of the work. Jobs were often dirty, dangerous, repetitive, and long in hours per day and days per week (Goldin). Such situation diminished in